TABLE 3.

Best Evidence Synthesis: Effective (Upper-Part) Versus Ineffective (Lower-Part) Studies, Sorted by Bias-Free Domains

Study Characteristics			Pharmacist Intervention
Author/Date	Bias-Free Domains	Coinvolved Health Care Provider	1	2	3	4 a	5	6	7	8	9	10 b	11	12	13	14	15
Jack et al., 200941	6	N: coordination, counseling PCP: act on drug-related recommendations (PD)										T	●
Stewart et al., 199854	6	N: counseling, risk assessment, and referral										H	●		●	●
Stewart et al., 199855	6	N: counseling, risk assessment, and referral										H	●		●	●
Gillespie et al., 200910	5	S: act on drug-related recommendations (DA)	●	●	●	3	●		●	●	●	T			●
López Cabezas et al., 200645	5	None							●			T		●
Schmader et al., 200450	5	S: act on drug-related recommendations (DA)			●	3
Schnipper et al., 200651	5	S: act on drug-related recommendations (DA) PCP: act on drug-related recommendations (PD)				3		●	●			T	●
Schnipper et al., 200952	5	S: reconciliation, act on drug-related recommendations (DA) N: counseling	●			3
Scullin et al., 200753	5	S: act on drug-related recommendations (DA)	●	●		3	●	●	●	●	●				●		●
Farris et al., 201459	6	PCP: act on drug-related recommendations (PD)	●				●	●	●	●	●	T	●	●		●
Holland et al., 200539	6	PCP: act on drug-related recommendations (PD)										H	●	●			●
Holland et al., 200740	6	PCP: act on drug-related recommendations (PD)										H	●	●			●
Kripalani et al., 201213	6	SW: coordination PCP: act on drug-related recommendations (PD)	●			2	●		●	●		T	●		●	●
Nazareth et al., 200148	6	PCP: act on drug-related recommendations (PD)						●	●	●	●	H	●		●
Lipton and Bird, 199443	5	PCP: act on drug-related recommendations (PD)						●	●			T	●	●

^a Medication review levels: 2=adherence support review (with patient present), 3 = clinical review.

^b H = home visit; T = telephone call.

DA = during admission; N = nurse; PCP = primary care physician; PD = postdischarge; S = specialist; SW = social worker.