TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of NVAF Patients in the Propensity Score-Matched Cohorts
| Apixaban Cohort (n = 7,607) | Warfarin Cohort (n =7, 6 07) | STD a | Apixaban Cohort (n = 4,129) | Dabigatran Cohort (n = 4,129) | STD a | Apixaban Cohort (n = 11,284) | Rivaroxaban Cohort (n = 11,284) | STD a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/Mean | %/SD | n/Mean | %/SD | n/Mean | %/SD | n/Mean | %/SD | n/Mean | %/SD | n/Mean | %/SD | ||||
| Age | 76.5 | 9.5 | 76.6 | 9.8 | 0.95 | 73.0 | 10.0 | 73.0 | 9.9 | 0.05 | 75.3 | 9.6 | 75.3 | 9.5 | 0.12 |
| 18-54 | 172 | 2.3 | 178 | 2.3 | 0.53 | 183 | 4.4 | 160 | 3.9 | 2.79 | 315 | 2.8 | 293 | 2.6 | 1.20 |
| 55-64 | 558 | 7.3 | 563 | 7.4 | 0.25 | 523 | 12.7 | 561 | 13.6 | 2.73 | 993 | 8.8 | 1,007 | 8.9 | 0.44 |
| 65-74 | 2,157 | 28.4 | 2,057 | 27.0 | 2.94 | 1,472 | 35.7 | 1,487 | 36.0 | 0.76 | 3,518 | 31.2 | 3,493 | 31.0 | 0.48 |
| ≥ 75 | 4,720 | 62.0 | 4,809 | 63.2 | 2.42 | 1,951 | 47.3 | 1,921 | 46.5 | 1.46 | 6,458 | 57.2 | 6,491 | 57.5 | 0.59 |
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Male | 4,431 | 58.2 | 4,430 | 58.2 | 0.03 | 2,551 | 61.8 | 2,538 | 61.5 | 0.65 | 6,431 | 57.0 | 6,411 | 56.8 | 0.36 |
| Female | 3,176 | 41.8 | 3,177 | 41.8 | 0.03 | 1,578 | 38.2 | 1,591 | 38.5 | 0.65 | 4,853 | 43.0 | 4,873 | 43.2 | 0.36 |
| Geographic region | |||||||||||||||
| Northeast | 632 | 8.3 | 644 | 8.5 | 0.57 | 283 | 6.9 | 275 | 6.7 | 0.77 | 690 | 6.1 | 685 | 6.1 | 0.19 |
| North Central | 1,182 | 15.5 | 1,191 | 15.7 | 0.33 | 564 | 13.7 | 562 | 13.6 | 0.14 | 1,309 | 11.6 | 1,325 | 11.7 | 0.44 |
| South | 3,672 | 48.3 | 3,688 | 48.5 | 0.42 | 2,271 | 55.0 | 2,284 | 55.3 | 0.63 | 6,722 | 59.6 | 6,680 | 59.2 | 0.76 |
| West | 1,966 | 25.8 | 1,933 | 25.4 | 0.99 | 939 | 22.7 | 938 | 22.7 | 0.06 | 2,380 | 21.1 | 2,407 | 21.3 | 0.59 |
| Other | 155 | 2.0 | 151 | 2.0 | 0.37 | 72 | 1.7 | 70 | 1.7 | 0.37 | 183 | 1.6 | 187 | 1.7 | 0.28 |
| Dose | |||||||||||||||
| Standard | 5,714 | 75.1 | 3,452 | 83.6 | 3,535 | 85.6 | 8,856 | 78.5 | 8,044 | 71.3 | |||||
| Reduced | 1,893 | 24.9 | 677 | 16.4 | 594 | 14.4 | 2,428 | 21.5 | 3,240 | 28.7 | |||||
| Baseline comorbidity | |||||||||||||||
| Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 1.51 | 1.92 | 2.09 | 1.92 | 2.07 | 0.05 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 0.24 |
| CHADS2 score | 2.6 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 1.28 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.73 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.27 |
| 0 = low risk | 422 | 5.5 | 408 | 5.4 | 0.81 | 340 | 8.2 | 348 | 8.4 | 0.70 | 675 | 6.0 | 637 | 5.6 | 1.44 |
| 1 = moderate risk | 1,318 | 17.3 | 1,294 | 17.0 | 0.84 | 1,030 | 24.9 | 1,048 | 25.4 | 1.00 | 2,344 | 20.8 | 2,362 | 20.9 | 0.39 |
| 2 = high risk | 2,247 | 29.5 | 2,360 | 31.0 | 3.23 | 1,287 | 31.2 | 1,289 | 31.2 | 0.10 | 3,513 | 31.1 | 3,555 | 31.5 | 0.80 |
| > 2 = high risk | 3,620 | 47.6 | 3,545 | 46.6 | 1.98 | 1,472 | 35.7 | 1,444 | 35.0 | 1.42 | 4,752 | 42.1 | 4,730 | 41.9 | 0.39 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4.2 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 0.81 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 0.82 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 0.16 |
| 0 = low risk | 108 | 1.4 | 111 | 1.5 | 0.33 | 89 | 2.2 | 127 | 3.1 | 5.77 | 183 | 1.6 | 170 | 1.5 | 0.93 |
| 1 = moderate risk | 363 | 4.8 | 377 | 5.0 | 0.86 | 353 | 8.5 | 332 | 8.0 | 1.84 | 610 | 5.4 | 643 | 5.7 | 1.28 |
| 2 = high risk | 872 | 11.5 | 832 | 10.9 | 1.67 | 694 | 16.8 | 689 | 16.7 | 0.32 | 1,509 | 13.4 | 1,452 | 12.9 | 1.50 |
| > 2 = high risk | 6,264 | 82.3 | 6,287 | 82.6 | 0.80 | 2,993 | 72.5 | 2,981 | 72.2 | 0.65 | 8,982 | 79.6 | 9,019 | 79.9 | 0.82 |
| HAS-BLED score | 3.0 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 1.65 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 0.14 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 0.71 |
| 0 = low risk | 100 | 1.3 | 110 | 1.4 | 1.13 | 75 | 1.8 | 84 | 2.0 | 1.59 | 139 | 1.2 | 129 | 1.1 | 0.82 |
| 1-2 = moderate risk | 2,606 | 34.3 | 2,737 | 36.0 | 3.61 | 1,782 | 43.2 | 1,704 | 41.3 | 3.83 | 4,043 | 35.8 | 4,041 | 35.8 | 0.04 |
| > 2 = high risk | 4,901 | 64.4 | 4,760 | 62.6 | 3.85 | 2,272 | 55.0 | 2,341 | 56.7 | 3.37 | 7,102 | 62.9 | 7,114 | 63.0 | 0.22 |
| Baseline prior bleed | 1,525 | 20.0 | 1,484 | 19.5 | 1.35 | 606 | 14.7 | 602 | 14.6 | 0.27 | 1,903 | 16.9 | 1,907 | 16.9 | 0.09 |
| Baseline prior stroke | 931 | 12.2 | 907 | 11.9 | 0.97 | 365 | 8.8 | 354 | 8.6 | 0.94 | 1,090 | 9.7 | 1,113 | 9.9 | 0.69 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2,052 | 27.0 | 2,033 | 26.7 | 0.56 | 823 | 19.9 | 777 | 18.8 | 2.82 | 2,469 | 21.9 | 2,490 | 22.1 | 0.45 |
| Diabetes | 2,631 | 34.6 | 2,593 | 34.1 | 1.05 | 1,303 | 31.6 | 1,313 | 31.8 | 0.52 | 3,544 | 31.4 | 3,529 | 31.3 | 0.29 |
| Hypertension | 6,469 | 85.0 | 6,450 | 84.8 | 0.70 | 3,423 | 82.9 | 3,442 | 83.4 | 1.23 | 9,694 | 85.9 | 9,741 | 86.3 | 1.20 |
| Renal disease | 1,852 | 24.3 | 1,839 | 24.2 | 0.40 | 654 | 15.8 | 653 | 15.8 | 0.07 | 2,170 | 19.2 | 2,202 | 19.5 | 0.72 |
| Myocardial infarction | 485 | 6.4 | 479 | 6.3 | 0.32 | 226 | 5.5 | 208 | 5.0 | 1.95 | 603 | 5.3 | 622 | 5.5 | 0.74 |
| Dyspepsia or stomach discomfort | 1,404 | 18.5 | 1,398 | 18.4 | 0.20 | 746 | 18.1 | 729 | 17.7 | 1.07 | 2,068 | 18.3 | 2,074 | 18.4 | 0.14 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3,755 | 49.4 | 3,742 | 49.2 | 0.34 | 1,786 | 43.3 | 1,746 | 42.3 | 1.96 | 5,324 | 47.2 | 5,308 | 47.0 | 0.28 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 599 | 7.9 | 596 | 7.8 | 0.15 | 251 | 6.1 | 257 | 6.2 | 0.60 | 824 | 7.3 | 827 | 7.3 | 0.10 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3,146 | 41.4 | 3,126 | 41.1 | 0.53 | 1,512 | 36.6 | 1,478 | 35.8 | 1.71 | 4,534 | 40.2 | 4,544 | 40.3 | 0.18 |
| Baseline medication use | |||||||||||||||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 2,696 | 35.4 | 2,714 | 35.7 | 0.49 | 1,383 | 33.5 | 1,411 | 34.2 | 1.43 | 3,876 | 34.3 | 3,866 | 34.3 | 0.19 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 1,983 | 26.1 | 1,921 | 25.3 | 1.87 | 1,126 | 27.3 | 1,126 | 27.3 | 0.00 | 3,195 | 28.3 | 3,218 | 28.5 | 0.45 |
| Amiodarone | 772 | 10.1 | 765 | 10.1 | 0.31 | 365 | 8.8 | 359 | 8.7 | 0.51 | 1,119 | 9.9 | 1,127 | 10.0 | 0.24 |
| Baseline medication use | |||||||||||||||
| Dronedarone | 140 | 1.8 | 151 | 2.0 | 1.06 | 211 | 5.1 | 197 | 4.8 | 1.56 | 526 | 4.7 | 521 | 4.6 | 0.21 |
| Beta blockers | 5,286 | 69.5 | 5,304 | 69.7 | 0.51 | 2,894 | 70.1 | 2,865 | 69.4 | 1.53 | 8,076 | 71.6 | 8,074 | 71.6 | 0.04 |
| Statins | 4,616 | 60.7 | 4,572 | 60.1 | 1.18 | 2,420 | 58.6 | 2,446 | 59.2 | 1.28 | 6,915 | 61.3 | 6,885 | 61.0 | 0.55 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 3,000 | 39.4 | 3,001 | 39.5 | 0.03 | 1,602 | 38.8 | 1,655 | 40.1 | 2.63 | 4,580 | 40.6 | 4,600 | 40.8 | 0.36 |
| H2-receptor antagonist | 521 | 6.8 | 521 | 6.8 | 0.00 | 240 | 5.8 | 244 | 5.9 | 0.41 | 782 | 6.9 | 773 | 6.9 | 0.31 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 2,813 | 37.0 | 2,817 | 37.0 | 0.11 | 1,558 | 37.7 | 1,545 | 37.4 | 0.65 | 4,467 | 39.6 | 4,472 | 39.6 | 0.09 |
| Antiplatelets | 1,740 | 22.9 | 1,668 | 21.9 | 2.27 | 985 | 23.9 | 1,001 | 24.2 | 0.91 | 2,800 | 24.8 | 2,824 | 25.0 | 0.49 |
| Baseline inpatient admission | 3,237 | 42.6 | 3,217 | 42.3 | 0.53 | 1,521 | 36.8 | 1,485 | 36.0 | 1.81 | 4,387 | 38.9 | 4,391 | 38.9 | 0.07 |
aStandardized difference = 100 actual standardized difference. Standardized difference > 10 is considered significant.
SD = standard deviation; STD = standardized difference.