TABLE 2.

Adjusted Health Care Cost Comparisons

PPPM Costsa	Apixaban Cohort (n = 20,803)	Warfarin Cohort (n = 20,803)		Apixaban Cohort (n = 15,418)	Dabigatran Cohort (n = 15,418)		Apixaban Cohort (n = 20,804)	Rivaroxaban Cohort (n = 20,804)
	Marginal Effect ($)	Marginal Effect ($)	P Value	Marginal Effect ($)	Marginal Effect ($)	P Value	Marginal Effect ($)	Marginal Effect ($)	P Value
All-cause ER/outpatient medical costs	886	1,025	< 0.001	872	886	0.517	887	981	0.001
All-cause hospitalization medical costs	1,101	1,692	< 0.001	1,036	1,294	< 0.001	1,101	1,669	< 0.001
All-cause medical costsb	2,328	3,379	< 0.001	2,224	2,583	< 0.001	2,326	3,285	< 0.001
Pharmacy costs	733	368	< 0.001	727	647	< 0.001	733	665	< 0.001
All-cause health care costsb	3,061	3,747	< 0.001	2,951	3,230	< 0.001	3,060	3,950	< 0.001

^aGeneralized linear models were used for the analysis of all-cause health care costs.

^bAll-cause medical costs include all-cause ER/outpatient and hospitalization medical costs; all-cause health care costs include all-cause medical and pharmacy costs.

ER = emergency room; PPPM = per patient per month.