TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Adherent and Primary Nonadherent Patients with OAB
| Baseline Patient and Clinical Characteristics | All Patients | Adherent Patients | Primary Nonadherent Patients | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | N = 9,050 | n = 7,388 | n = 1,662 | |
| Female, n (%) | 6,599 (72.9) | 5,321 (72.0) | 1,278 (76.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Age (years) mean (SD) | 62.6 (15.3) | 63.9 (14.8) | 56.9 (16.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Age categories, years, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| 18 to < 40 | 706 (7.8) | 482 (6.5) | 224 (13.5) | |
| 40 to < 65 | 3,845 (42.5) | 2,968 (40.2) | 877 (52.8) | |
| 65 to < 75 | 2,308 (25.5) | 1,992 (27.0) | 316 (19.0) | |
| ≥ 75 | 2,191 (24.2) | 1,946 (26.3) | 245 (14.7) | |
| Insurance type, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| Commercial | 4,511 (49.8) | 3,416 (46.2) | 1,095 (65.9) | |
| Dual eligibility | 3 (0.0) | 3 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Medicaid | 118 (1.3) | 99 (1.3) | 19 (1.1) | |
| Medicare | 4,418 (48.8) | 3,870 (52.4) | 548 (33.0) | |
| Race, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 647 (7.2) | 503 (6.8) | 144 (8.7) | |
| Black | 977 (10.8) | 762 (10.3) | 215 (12.9) | |
| Hispanic | 2,474 (27.3) | 1,913 (25.9) | 561 (33.8) | |
| White | 4,420 (48.8) | 3,823 (51.7) | 597 (35.9) | |
| Othera | 532 (5.9) | 387 (5.2) | 145 (8.7) | |
| Comorbidities (CCI) | < 0.0001 | |||
| CCI mean (SD) | 2.57 (2.4) | 2.70 (2.5) | 1.99 (2.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Score = 0, n (%) | 1,375 (15.2) | 1,008 (13.6) | 367 (22.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Score = 1, n (%) | 2,540 (28.1) | 1,996 (27.0) | 544 (32.7) | |
| Score ≥ 2, n (%) | 5,135 (56.7) | 4,384 (59.3) | 751 (45.2) | |
| Median | 2 | 2 | 1 | |
| OAB-related comorbidities,b n (%) | ||||
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | 1,206 (13.3) | 1,054 (14.3) | 152 (9.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Depression | 2,210 (24.4) | 1,892 (25.6) | 318 (19.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Urinary tract infection | 1,890 (20.9) | 1,567 (21.2) | 323 (19.4) | 0.1076 |
| Skin infections | 461 (5.1) | 397 (5.4) | 64 (3.8) | 0.0107 |
| Falls, fractures, or related injuries | 2,318 (25.6) | 1,906 (25.8) | 412 (24.8) | 0.3944 |
| Vulvovaginitis | 486 (5.4) | 371 (5.0) | 115 (6.9) | 0.0019 |
| Risk factors of OAB,b n (%) | ||||
| Alzheimer’s disease/dementia | 318 (3.5) | 276 (3.7) | 42 (2.5) | 0.0156 |
| Congestive heart failure | 296 (3.3) | 272 (3.7) | 24 (1.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,747 (19.3) | 1,517 (20.5) | 230 (13.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Diuretic use | 2,051 (22.7) | 1,806 (24.4) | 245 (14.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Epilepsy | 80 (0.9) | 70 (0.9) | 10 (0.6) | 0.1736 |
| Hypertension | 4,742 (52.4) | 4,117 (55.7) | 625 (37.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 808 (8.9) | 708 (9.6) | 100 (6.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 183 (2.0) | 163 (2.2) | 20 (1.2) | 0.0087 |
| Obesity | 3,708 (41.0) | 3,026 (41.0) | 682 (41.0) | 0.9543 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 139 (1.5) | 128 (1.7) | 11 (0.7) | 0.0013 |
| Spinal cord injury | 11 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 0.9871 |
| Substance abuse | 892 (9.7) | 724 (9.8) | 168 (10.1) | 0.7029 |
| Stroke | 327 (3.6) | 287 (3.9) | 40 (2.4) | 0.0035 |
| Urethral stricture or urinary obstruction | 128 (1.4) | 112 (1.5) | 16 (1.0) | 0.0844 |
| BMI information | ||||
| BMI kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.3 (6.53) | 29.4 (6.57) | 29.1 (6.35) | 0.0853 |
| Underweight < 18.5 kg/m2, n (%) | 119 (1.3) | 94 (1.3) | 25 (1.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Normal BMI 18.5 to < 25 kg/m2, n (%) | 2,176 (24.0) | 1,749 (23.7) | 427 (25.7) | |
| Overweight BMI ≥ 25 to < 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 2,961 (32.7) | 2,404 (32.5) | 557 (33.5) | |
| Obese BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 3,414 (37.7) | 2,775 (37.6) | 639 (38.4) | |
| Unknown, n (%) | 380 (4.2) | 366 (4.9) | 14 (0.8) | |
| Previous other OAB therapies, n (%) | ||||
| Botox injection | 5 (0.1) | 3 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 0.2296 |
| Surgical therapy | 1,552 (17.1) | 1,241 (16.8) | 311 (18.7) | 0.0613 |
| Concomitant medications, n (%) | ||||
| Anticholinesterase/anticholinergic medications | 203 (2.2) | 177 (2.4) | 26 (1.6) | 0.0386 |
| PDE5 inhibitors | 417 (4.6) | 373 (5.1) | 44 (2.7) | < 0.0001 |
| 5-alpha reductase inhibitors | 380 (4.2) | 342 (4.6) | 38 (2.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Antihypertensives | 3,813 (42.1) | 3,320 (44.9) | 493 (29.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Antidiabetics | 1,509 (16.7) | 1,313 (17.8) | 196 (11.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Antihyperlipidemics | 4,037 (44.6) | 3,501 (47.4) | 536 (32.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Previous number of unique medications | ||||
| Average number of Rxs per patient, mean (SD) | 10.6 (6.43) | 11.2 (6.48) | 7.6 (5.22) | < 0.001 |
| Number of medications (median) | 10 | 10 | 6 | < 0.0001 |
| 0, n (%) | 99 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 99 (5.9) | < 0.0001 |
| 1-4, n (%) | 1,415 (15.6) | 902 (12.2) | 513 (30.9) | < 0.0001 |
| 5-9, n (%) | 3,032 (33.5) | 2,441 (33.0) | 591 (35.6) | 0.0493 |
| 10-15, n (%) | 2,771 (30.6) | 2,443 (33.1) | 328 (19.7) | < 0.0001 |
| 16+, n (%) | 1,733 (19.1) | 1,602 (21.7) | 131 (7.9) | < 0.0001 |
aOther is multi, other, unknown.
bRisk factors and comorbidities were identified based on ICD-9-CM codes.
BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index; ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; OAB = overactive bladder; PDE5 = phosphodiesterase type 5; Rx = prescription; SD = standard deviation.