Table 2.
Baseline Patient Demographics and Clinical and Treatment Characteristicsa
| Characteristic | Overall N=8,710 | Nonswitchers n=5,000 | Switchers n=1,001 | Discontinuers n=2,709 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (±SD), years | 47.0 (±13.2) | 47.4 (±12.9) | 47.8 (±12.6) | 46.2 (±13.9)b |
| Male, n (%) | 4,563 (52.4) | 2,823 (56.5) | 456 (46.6)b | 1,284 (47.4)b |
| Employment status (active full time), n (%) | 5,850 (67.2) | 3,380 (67.6) | 686 (69.5) | 1,784 (66.9)b |
| Insurance plan type, n (%) | ||||
| Fee-for-service | 7,409 (85.1) | 4,259 (85.2) | 867 (86.6) | 2,283 (84.3) |
| HMO and POS capitation | 1,185 (13.6) | 678 (13.6) | 119 (11.9) | 388 (14.3) |
| Unknown | 116 (1.3) | 63 (1.3) | 15 (1.5) | 38 (1.4) |
| U.S. region, n (%) | ||||
| South | 3,818 (44.8) | 2,108 (42.2) | 445 (44.5) | 1,265 (46.7)c |
| North central | 2,002 (23.0) | 1,168 (23.4) | 241 (24.1) | 593 (21.9)c |
| Northeast | 1,343 (15.4) | 816 (16.3) | 156 (15.6) | 371 (13.7)c |
| West | 1,435 (16.5) | 840 (16.8) | 149 (14.9) | 446 (16.5)c |
| Unknown | 112 (1.3) | 68 (1.4) | 10 (1.0) | 34 (1.3)c |
| CCI score, mean (±SD) | 0.51 (±1.07) | 0.48 (±1.02) | 0.54 (±1.05) | 0.55 (±1.16)b |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 2,686 (30.9) | 1,529 (30.6) | 342 (34.2)b | 815 (30.1) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 2,553 (29.3) | 1,497 (30.0) | 286 (28.6) | 770 (28.4) |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 2,215 (25.4) | 1,298 (26.0) | 297 (30.0)b | 620 (22.9)b |
| Diabetes | 1,209 (13.9) | 673 (13.5) | 149 (14.9) | 387 (14.3) |
| Depression | 890 (10.2) | 476 (9.5) | 111 (11.1) | 303 (11.2)b |
| Anxiety | 712 (8.2) | 370 (7.4) | 88 (8.8) | 254 (9.4)b |
| Obesity | 722 (8.2) | 400 (8.0) | 89 (9.0) | 233 (8.6) |
| Treatment characteristics, n (%) | ||||
| Biologic naive | 8,307 (95.4) | 4,752 (95.0) | 939 (93.8) | 2,616 (96.6) |
| Biologic experienced | 403 (4.6) | 248 (5.0) | 62 (6.2) | 93 (3.4) |
| Nonbiologic use, n (%) | ||||
| Methotrexate sodium | 2,177 (25.0) | 1,308 (26.2) | 284 (28.4) | 585 (21.6)b |
| Acitretin | 436 (5.0) | 236 (4.7) | 68 (6.8)b | 132 (4.9) |
| Cyclosporine | 245 (2.8) | 133 (2.7) | 40 (4.0)b | 72 (2.7) |
| Apremilast | 51 (0.6) | 26 (0.5) | 11 (1.1)b | 14 (0.5) |
| Total all-cause health care resource utilization per patient per year, mean (±SD) | ||||
| Hospitalizations | 0.09 (±0.35) | 0.08 (±0.35) | 0.07 (±0.30) | 0.11 (±0.37)b |
| ED visits | 0.32 (±0.89) | 0.27 (±0.81) | 0.33 (±0.91)b | 0.40 (±1.00)b |
| Outpatient visits | 21.63 (±19.43) | 21.62 (±20.02) | 24.16 (±19.70)b | 20.71 (±18.12) |
| Total all-cause health care costs ($), mean (±SD)d | 11,852 (±20,277) | 11,680 (±19,737) | 13,079 (±17,955)b | 11,717 (±21,988) |
| Prescription drug costs | 3,951 (±6,858) | 4,018 (±7,242) | 4,795 (±6,849)b | 3,515 (±6,053)b |
| Medical costse | 7,901 (±18,262) | 7,662 (±17,581) | 8,283 (±15,653)b | 8,202 (±20,281) |
| ED costs | 524 (±2,043) | 420 (±1,735) | 611 (±2,370) | 683 (±2,398)b |
| Inpatient costs | 1,843 (±11,825) | 1,745 (±11,018) | 1,556 (±10,428) | 2,130 (±13,613)b |
| Outpatient costs | 5,534 (±10,936) | 5,497 (±11,253) | 6,115 (±9,142)b | 5,389 (±10,946) |
aPatient demographics (age, sex, employment status, insurance plan type, geographic region) were assessed at the index date. Comorbidities, medication history, health care resource utilization, and health care costs were assessed during the 1-year baseline period.
bP < 0.05 versus nonswitchers.
cP < 0.05 for overall distribution of patients across categories versus nonswitchers.
dTotal health care costs included medical and outpatient prescription drug costs.
eMedical costs included ED, inpatient, and outpatient costs.
CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index; ED = emergency department; HMO = health maintenance organization; POS = point of service; SD = standard deviation.