TABLE 2.
Percentage of Primary Nonadherence According to Type of OAC and Baseline Characteristics
| All, N = 18,715 | VKA, n = 14,913 | NOAC, n = 3,802 | ||||
| % | P Value | % | P Valuea | % | P Valuea | |
| Whole cohort | 5.6 | 4.3 | 10.8 | |||
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Female | 5.4 | 0.256 | 4.1 | 0.279 | 10.6 | 0.683 |
| Age, years | ||||||
| ≤ 65 | 6.5 | 0.006 | 4.9 | 0.054 | 11.9 | 0.345 |
| 66-75 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 9.8 | |||
| ≥ 76 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 11.0 | |||
| Country | ||||||
| Spain | 5.5 | ≤ 0.001 | 4.2 | ≤ 0.001 | 10.4 | ≤ 0.001 |
| European | 9.2 | 6.2 | 20.9 | |||
| Non-European | 16.3 | 16.7 | 14.3 | |||
| Coinsuranceb | ||||||
| Low (0%-10%) | 5.3 | ≤ 0.001 | 4.1 | ≤ 0.001 | 10.3 | 0.039 |
| High (40%-60%) | 8.5 | 6.4 | 14.3 | |||
| Prescription transmission method | ||||||
| Printed | 6.1 | 0.022 | 4.8 | 0.009 | 11.6 | 0.241 |
| Electronic | 5.3 | 3.9 | 10.4 | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Congestive heart failure | 5.5 | 0.745 | 4.1 | 0.515 | 12.3 | 0.150 |
| Hypertension | 5.5 | 0.156 | 4.3 | 0.946 | 10.4 | 0.109 |
| Diabetes | 5.6 | 0.822 | 4.3 | 0.909 | 11.2 | 0.646 |
| Liver disease | 4.1 | 0.016 | 2.9 | 0.026 | 9.4 | 0.478 |
| Renal disease | 4.7 | 0.044 | 3.7 | 0.192 | 10.4 | 0.826 |
| Previous ischemic stroke or TIA | 6.1 | 0.188 | 4.7 | 0.310 | 10.9 | 0.969 |
| Coronary artery disease | 5.6 | 0.937 | 4.4 | 0.655 | 10.7 | 0.936 |
| Deep vein thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism | 6.4 | 0.249 | 4.3 | 0.993 | 18.8 | 0.001 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 7.2 | 0.396 | 7.8 | 0.076 | 5.9 | 0.254 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 4.7 | 0.286 | 4.3 | 0.718 | 7.7 | 0.244 |
| Other major bleeding | 4.9 | 0.038 | 4.0 | 0.318 | 9.0 | 0.077 |
| Bleeding history or predisposition | 4.9 | 0.031 | 4.0 | 0.385 | 8.8 | 0.029 |
| CHADS2 score | ||||||
| 0 | 7.2 | 0.003 | 5.2 | 0.046 | 13.0 | 0.155 |
| 1 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 9.5 | |||
| ≥ 2 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 11.0 | |||
| CHA2DS2-VASC score | ||||||
| 0 | 7.8 | 0.039 | 6.1 | 0.263 | 11.5 | 0.497 |
| 1 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 12.9 | |||
| ≥ 2 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 10.6 | |||
| HAS-BLED score | ||||||
| 0 | 7.9 | 0.005 | 5.3 | 0.236 | 15.3 | 0.099 |
| 1 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 11.1 | |||
| ≥ 2 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 10.4 | |||
| Malignancy | 5.3 | 0.372 | 4.0 | 0.439 | 10.4 | 0.727 |
| Depression | 5.2 | 0.385 | 3.7 | 0.148 | 11.1 | 0.839 |
| Dementia | 8.8 | ≤0.001 | 6.9 | ≤ 0.001 | 14.7 | 0.024 |
| Health care utilization | ||||||
| Polypharmacy (≥ 6 prescribed medications) | 5.0 | ≤0.001 | 3.7 | ≤ 0.001 | 10.1 | 0.007 |
| Hospitalizations (any) | 5.5 | 0.687 | 4.2 | 0.716 | 11.1 | 0.611 |
| Emergency department visits (any) | 5.5 | 0.345 | 4.2 | 0.538 | 11.2 | 0.414 |
| Cardiologist visits (any) | 5.1 | 0.021 | 3.7 | 0.009 | 9.1 | 0.002 |
| Neurologist visits (any) | 5.8 | 0.691 | 4.9 | 0.275 | 8.9 | 0.172 |
| Social work visits (any) | 7.0 | 0.082 | 5.5 | 0.137 | 13.6 | 0.266 |
| Mental health visits (any) | 6.9 | 0.189 | 4.7 | 0.655 | 14.3 | 0.215 |
| Hospitalization in 30 days before treatment initiation (any) | 5.4 | 0.364 | 4.1 | 0.441 | 11.1 | 0.735 |
aP values refer to differences in primary nonadherence rates among categories of all covariates (calculated using chi-square test).
bCoinsurance is expressed as a percentage of the total cost of prescriptions to be paid.
NOAC = non-VKA oral anticoagulant; OAC = oral anticoagulant; TIA = transient ischemic attack; VKA = vitamin K antagonist.