. 2019 Sep;25(9):10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.9.957. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.9.957

TABLE 2.

Unadjusted Episode-Level Health Care Resource Utilization, Stratified by Pain Severity

Resource Category	Mild (n = 40,697)	Moderate (n = 16,550)	Severe (n = 13,469)
All-cause resource use
Frequency of use post-index, %
ED visits	23.7^a,c	30.4^c	38.5
Outpatient visits	97.3^d	97.9	97.6
Hospitalizations	9.9^a,b	11.7^b	11.0
Outpatient prescriptions filled	83.4^a,c	90.2^c	92.1
Units used PPPM, mean (SD)
ED visits	0.13 (0.36)^a,c	0.17 (0.42)^c	0.22 (0.48)
Outpatient visits	1.91 (1.68)^a,c	2.10 (1.78)	2.07 (1.69)
Length of hospital stay, days	0.39 (2.13)^b,d	0.44 (2.17)	0.46 (2.31)
OA-related resource use
Frequency of use post-index, %
ED visits	1.2^a,c	1.9^c	3.3
Outpatient office visits	29.0^a,c	35.6^c	38.2
Hospitalizations	4.5^a	5.8^c	4.8
Units used PPPM, mean (SD)
ED visits	0 (0.04)^a,c	0.01 (0.06)^c	0.01 (0.10)
Outpatient visits	0.20 (0.61)^a,c	0.28 (0.76)	0.27 (0.64)
Length of hospital stay, days	0.16 (1.32)^b,d	0.19 (1.42)	0.20 (1.55)

^aP < 0.001 versus moderate.

^bP < 0.05 versus severe.

^cP < 0.001 versus severe.

^dP < 0.05 versus moderate.

ED = emergency department; OA = osteoarthritis; PPPM = per patient per month; SD = standard deviation.