TABLE 3.

Unadjusted Episode-Level Health Care Resource Utilization Costs, Stratified by Pain Severity

Resource Category	Mean (SD) Cost (PPPM), $
	Mild (n = 40,697)	Moderate (n = 16,550)	Severe (n = 13,469)
All-cause costs, total	1,533 (3,644)a,b	1,972 (4,631)	1,918 (4,006)
ED visits	62 (222)a,b	80 (245)c	104 (280)
Outpatient visits	658 (1,299)a	736 (2,145)d	681 (1,258)
Hospitalizations	576 (3,065)a,b	846 (3,701)	780 (3,286)
Pharmacy	111 (624)a,b	140 (730)b	197 (973)
OA-related costs, total	400 (2,025)a,b	610 (2,443)d	544 (2,287)
ED visits	2 (33)b,c	3 (44)	4 (41)
Outpatient visits	70 (367)a,b	92 (424)	84 (356)
Hospitalizations	297 (1,933)a,b	456 (2,317)	394 (2,164)
Pharmacy	9 (50)b,c	24 (416)d	35 (418)

^aP ≤ 0.001 versus moderate.

^bP ≤ 0.001 versus severe.

^cP < 0.05 versus moderate.

^dP < 0.05 versus severe.

ED = emergency department; OA = osteoarthritis; PPPM = per patient per month; SD = standard deviation.