TABLE 1.
General Characteristics of Study Participants at Baseline
| Variable | Intervention Group (n = 97) | Control Group (n = 97) | P Valuea,b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female gender, n (%) | 61.0 (62.9) | 60.0 (61.8) | 0.882 |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 65.3 (5.8) | 65.3 (5.8) | 0.990 |
| Mean monthly family income, $ (SD) | 314.9 (99.1) | 317.8 (101.8) | 0.320 |
| Incomplete elementary school, n (%) | 76.0 (78.4) | 75.0 (77.4) | 0.926 |
| Mean SBP, mmHg (SD) | 156.7 (21.8) | 155.9 (20.8) | 0.788 |
| Mean DBP, mmHg (SD) | 106.6 (17.7) | 108.7 (16.9) | 0.363 |
| Mean fasting glucose, mg/dL (SD) | 135.1 (55.6) | 135.8 (55.4) | 0.932 |
| Mean hemoglobin A1c, % (SD)c | 7.7 (0.5) | 7.7 (0.5) | 0.691 |
| Mean triglycerides, mg/dL (SD) | 206.0 (134.8) | 206.5 (134.6) | 0.977 |
| Mean LDL cholesterol, mg/dL (SD) | 112.4 (12.7) | 112.1 (12.7) | 0.902 |
| Mean HDL cholesterol, mg/dL (SD) | 55.5 (8.5) | 54.9 (6.6) | 0.511 |
| Mean total cholesterol, mg/dL (SD) | 202.5 (35.7) | 202.0 (35.4) | 0.915 |
| Mean 10-year risk assessment for coronary heart disease, % (SD)d | 6.8 (4.5) | 6.9 (4.5) | 0.895 |
| Mean diagnosed diseases, n (SD) | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.3) | 0.986 |
| Patients diagnosed with hypertension, n (%)d,e | 46.0 (47.4) | 44.0 (45.4) | 0.776 |
| Patients diagnosed with diabetes, n (%)e | 17.0 (17.5) | 18.0 (18.5) | 0.854 |
| Patients presenting with diabetes and hypertension, n (%) | 34.0 (35.1) | 35.0 (36.1) | 0.882 |
| Mean number of drugs for chronic use, n (SD) | 3.3 (1.7) | 3.3 (1.7) | 0.174 |
Note: Monetary values are presented in U.S. dollars.
aThe χ2 test and independent-sample Student t-test were used as appropriate.
b P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
c Only patients with a diagnosis of diabetes were subjected to this exam.
d 10-year risk assessment for coronary heart disease was performed using the Framingham scoring method.32
e Patients presenting with hypertension or diabetes.
DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; mg/dL = milligrams per deciliter; mmHg = millimeter of mercury; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SD = standard deviation.