TABLE 2.

Observed Difference-in-Differences in Outcomes of Interest

Outcomes	2000-2005	2007-2012	Differences	DD	P Value
Out-of-pocket expenditures for prescription medications, $
Elderly	1,200	623	- 577	- 349	< 0.001
Near elderly	752	524	- 228
Total prescription medication expenditures, $
Elderly	2,036	2,288	252	22	0.897
Near elderly	1,818	2,048	230
Number of prescriptions and refills
Elderly	27.446	28.493	1.047	0.078	0.938
Near elderly	21.782	22.751	0.969
Number of outpatient visits
Elderly	1.550	1.107	- 0.443	- 0.116	0.512
Near elderly	1.270	0.943	- 0.327

DD = difference-in-differences.