TABLE 3.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population (N = 2,578,336) During Identification Periodsa
| Baseline Characteristic | Result |
|---|---|
| Average age [SD], years | 71.2 [10.0] |
| Age group, % (n) | |
| < 65 years | 17.5 (449,881) |
| 65-70 years | 32.0 (825,145) |
| > 70 years | 50.6 (1,303,310) |
| Male, % (n) | 43.1 (1,112,125) |
| Region, % (n) | |
| Midwest | 17.1 (441,894) |
| South | 37.9 (977,693) |
| West | 30.0 (773,925) |
| Northeast | 14.9 (384,824) |
| Race, % (n) | |
| White | 81.0 (2,087,914) |
| African American | 10.9 (279,942) |
| Hispanic | 2.2 (55,470) |
| Asian | 2.5 (64,015) |
| Other | 3.3 (85,145) |
| Native American | 0.2 (5,850) |
| Median (IQR) household income ($) | 52,565 (26,025) |
| Average [SD] number of chronic diseases per patient | 1.6 [1.1] |
| Number of identified chronic diseases, % (n) | |
| 0 | 21.5 (555,339) |
| 1 | 25.1 (647,230) |
| 2 | 31.2 (803,897) |
| 3 | 18.4 (473,883) |
| 4 | 3.7 (95,170) |
| 5 | 0.1 (2,817) |
| Identified with rheumatoid arthritis, % (n) | 2.5 (64,337) |
| Identified with dyslipidemia, % (n) | 52.8 (1,361,064) |
| Identified with diabetes, % (n) | 25.1 (648,135) |
| Identified with end-stage renal disease, % (n) | 8.6 (220,358) |
| Identified with cardiovascular disease, % (n) | 6.3 (161,352) |
| Average [SD] number of Part D medications per patient | 7.3 [5.9] |
| Median (IQR) number of Part D medications per patient | 6 (3, 10) |
| Average [SD] annual drug spend ($) | 2,233 [6,146] |
| Median (IQR) annual drug spend ($) | 656 (2,089) |
| Prior outpatient visit(s), % (n) | 87.6 (2,258,888) |
| Prior emergency room visit(s), all-cause, % (n) | 15.7 (403,942) |
| Prior acute inpatient stay, all-cause, % (n) | 5.8 (149,825) |
aSee Table 1 for identification periods used for each variable.
IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation.