TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics by TTR Quartiles
| TTR Quartiles | P Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTR < 46% (n = 8,435) | TTR 46%-60% (n = 7,983) | TTR 61%-72% (n = 7,966) | TTR ≥ 73% (n = 7,690) | Total (N = 32,074) | ||
| Age, mean [SD] | 71.5 [11.9] | 72.9 [10.6] | 72.6 [10.1] | 71.9 [10.1] | 72.2 [10.7] | < 0.001 |
| Age category, years, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| < 65 | 2,185 (25.9) | 1,654 (20.7) | 1,614 (20.3) | 1,728 (22.5) | 7,181 (22.4) | |
| 65-74 | 2,415 (28.6) | 2,393 (30.0) | 2,583 (32.4) | 2,572 (33.4) | 9,963 (31.1) | |
| 75-84 | 2,822 (33.5) | 2,965 (37.1) | 2,958 (37.1) | 2,720 (35.4) | 11,465 (35.7) | |
| ≥ 85 | 1,013 (12.0) | 971 (12.2) | 811 (10.2) | 670 (8.7) | 3,465 (10.8) | |
| Female, n (%) | 3,739 (44.3) | 3,629 (45.5) | 3,422 (43.0) | 2,855 (37.1) | 13,645 (42.5) | < 0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 5,867 (69.6) | 5,796 (72.6) | 5,838 (73.3) | 5,656 (73.6) | 23,157 (72.2) | |
| Hispanic | 1,135 (13.5) | 1,026 (12.9) | 992 (12.5) | 924 (12.0) | 4,077 (12.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 895 (10.6) | 645 (8.1) | 560 (7.0) | 451 (5.9) | 2,551 (8.0) | |
| Others | 538 (6.4) | 516 (6.5) | 576 (7.2) | 659 (8.6) | 2,289 (7.1) | |
| CCI score,a mean [SD] | 1.3 [2.7] | 0.9 [2.2] | 0.6 [1.7] | 0.5 [1.5] | 0.8 [2.1] | < 0.001 |
| CHADS2 scores, mean [SD] | 1.8 [1.2] | 1.8 [1.1] | 1.7 [1.1] | 1.5 [1.1] | 1.7 [1.1] | < 0.001 |
| CHADS2 scores, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 1,239 (14.7) | 1,117 (14.0) | 1,228 (15.4) | 1,417 (18.4) | 5,001 (15.6) | |
| 1 | 2,098 (24.9) | 2,064 (25.9) | 2,308 (29.0) | 2,432 (31.6) | 8,902 (27.8) | |
| 2 | 2,787 (33.0) | 2,772 (34.7) | 2,789 (35.0) | 2,502 (32.5) | 10,850 (33.8) | |
| 3 or more | 2,311 (27.4) | 2,030 (25.4) | 1,641 (20.6) | 1,339 (17.4) | 7,321 (22.8) | |
| Comorbid conditions or event, n (%) | ||||||
| Congestive heart failure | 2,088 (24.8) | 1,806 (22.6) | 1,401 (17.6) | 1,113 (14.5) | 6,408 (20.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 6,226 (73.8) | 5,799 (72.6) | 5,654 (71.0) | 5,218 (67.9) | 22,897 (71.4) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2,643 (31.3) | 2,347 (29.4) | 2,027 (25.4) | 1,731 (22.5) | 8,748 (27.3) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 262 (3.1) | 204 (2.6) | 211 (2.6) | 155 (2.0) | 832 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1,007 (11.9) | 860 (10.8) | 575 (7.2) | 499 (6.5) | 2,941 (9.2) | < 0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 260 (3.1) | 177 (2.2) | 139 (1.7) | 100 (1.3) | 676 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 813 (9.6) | 697 (8.7) | 615 (7.7) | 507 (6.6) | 2,632 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 57 (0.7) | 31 (0.4) | 23 (0.3) | 21 (0.3) | 132 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Dementia | 91 (1.1) | 63 (0.8) | 38 (0.5) | 43 (0.6) | 235 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Bleeding | 719 (8.5) | 680 (8.5) | 603 (7.6) | 487 (6.3) | 2,489 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
| Fall | 426 (5.1) | 333 (4.2) | 257 (3.2) | 215 (2.8) | 1,231 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Malignancy | 1,054 (12.5) | 948 (11.9) | 858 (10.8) | 765 (9.9) | 3,625 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline warfarin use, n (%) | 3,363 (39.9) | 4,088 (51.2) | 4,425 (55.5) | 4,424 (57.5) | 16,300 (50.8) | < 0.001 |
| Warfarin start within 2 months | 6,924 (82.1) | 7,030 (88.1) | 7,181 (90.1) | 6,944 (90.3) | 28,079 (87.5) | < 0.001 |
| Other pharmacologic treatment, n (%) | ||||||
| Heart rate control | 6,200 (73.5) | 6,212 (77.8) | 6,271 (78.7) | 6,122 (79.6) | 24,805 (77.3) | < 0.001 |
| Antiarrhythmic medication | 674 (8.0) | 721 (9.0) | 694 (8.7) | 546 (7.1) | 2,635 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease | 6,199 (73.5) | 6,063 (75.9) | 6,065 (76.1) | 5,727 (74.5) | 2,4054 (75.0) | < 0.001 |
| Other antiplatelet agentsb | 477 (5.7) | 369 (4.6) | 278 (3.5) | 263 (3.4) | 1,387 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
| Periprocedural anticoagulation | 646 (7.7) | 374 (4.7) | 326 (4.1) | 296 (3.8) | 1,642 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline number of emergency visits/hospitalizations, mean [SD] | 1.8 [3.9] | 1.5 [3.3] | 1.2 [2.8] | 1.0 [2.4] | 1.3 [3.2] | < 0.001 |
aEnhanced ICD-9-CM comorbidity algorithm.36
bClopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, and ticagrelor use.
CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index; ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; SD = standard deviation; TTR = time-in-therapeutic range.