TABLE 1. Progressive breakthroughs in the development of liver organoids.

Sr No.	Author	Year	Species	Cell source	Medium	Findings	Ref.
1	Landry et al.	1985	Rat	Hepatic cells	Williams’ medium E	Made 3D hepatocytes and bile duct-resembling cells	[22]
2	Huch et al.	2013	Mouse	Lgr5+liver stem cells	Wnt agonist RSPO1	Established long-term 3D mouse liver organoids	[23]
3	Takebe et al.	2013	Human	HUVECs, iPSCs, MSCs	Endothelial growth medium and hepatocyte culture medium	Reported functional liver organoids from iPSCs	[24]
4	Huch et al. 2015	2015	Human	Human adult bile-duct epithelial cells	Mouse liver culture medium (ERFHNic)	Established Human adult biliary epithelial-derived progenitor cells	[25]
5	Thomas et al.	2018	Mouse Human	Mouse and human hepatocytes	Hep-Medium	Cultured hepatocytes-derived organoids to obtain partial hepatectomy transcriptional profiles	[26]
6	Peng et al.	2018	Mouse	Primary Hepatocytes	3D Matrigel	TNF enhanced and allowed long-term culture for more than 6 months	[27]
7	Nuciforo et al.	2018	Human	Hepatocellular Carcinoma	Advanced DMEM/F-12	Cultured long-term organoid cultures of HCC with various etiologies and tumor stages	[28]
8	Ouchi et al.	2019	Human	Human PSC	mTeSR1 medium with matrigel coated plates	Precision medicine and modeling liver disease	[21]
9	Mun et al.	2019	Human	Human ESC Human iPSC	Matrigel-coated dishes and RPMI 1640	Developed novel human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like liver organoids	[29]
10	Ramli et al.	2020	Human	Human ESCs Human iPSCs	Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM)	Created a human cell-based hepatic organoid platform that may be utilized to mimic complicated liver diseases like NASH	[30]
11	Mo et al.	2022	Human	Liver metastasis tissues	Matrigel	Constructed a Biobank of 50 patient-derived organoids from a primary tumor and paired liver metastatic lesions	[31]

Note: ESC embryonic stem cells; HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells; iPSC induced pluripotent stem cells; MSCs Mesenchymal stem cell; HCC hepatocellular carcinoma.