Table 2.
Median out-of-pocket expenditure from institutional deliveries due to various covariates
| Covariates | Private Institution (Median, IQR) | Public Institution (Median, IQR) | Overall (Median, IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall OOPE incurred due to institutional delivery care services | 25600 (12705, 46000) | 2067 (503, 5082) | 4066 (1051, 6017) |
| Age group (n=145,386) | |||
| 15-20 years | 25339 (1735, 42792) | 2067 (476, 5167) | 3215 (800, 11481) |
| 21-25 years | 24659 (12197, 44286) | 2095 (525, 5087) | 3686 (1009, 13592) |
| 26-30 years | 25833 (12917, 45926) | 2021 (477,5027) | 4189 (101, 17092) |
| ≥ = 31 years | 27026 (13175, 47898) | 2019 (489, 5167) | 5027 (1163, 21114) |
| Residence (n=145,386) | |||
| Urban | 28417 (14249, 49344) | 2067 (354, 5636) | 7294 (1409, 27026) |
| Rural | 23914 (11689, 43400) | 2039 (525, 4928) | 3358 (930, 11941) |
| Educational attainment (n=145,386) | |||
| No formal education | 17222 (8267, 32669) | 1722 (489, 4079) | 2340 (702, 6678) |
| Primary education | 19554 (9864, 37620) | 1754 (433, 4357) | 2514 (689, 7863) |
| Junior High | 21257 (10508, 38706) | 1832 (354, 4709) | 2906 (709, 10146) |
| Secondary education | 25306 (13053, 44563) | 2377 (564, 5918) | 4493 (1148, 15738) |
| Higher Secondary | 26271 (13195, 45366) | 2310 (517,5741) | 5564 (1292, 21017) |
| Above Higher Secondary | 31689 (16377, 52462) | 2531 (664, 6305) | 13778 (2541, 37526) |
| Social classes (n=137,404) | |||
| Scheduled Tribe | 22963 (11139, 41877) | 1973 (517, 4822) | 3049 (838, 10521) |
| Scheduled Caste | 21227 (11022, 41492) | 1409 (9, 3945) | 2022 (302, 7045) |
| Other Backward Class | 25779 (12682, 46436) | 2117 (574, 5127) | 4509 (1170, 17895) |
| None of the casts | 28182 (14183, 49763) | 2259 (486, 5882) | 7186 (1468, 26137) |
| Employment (n=22,105) | |||
| Currently unemployed | 25833 (13036, 46057) | 2067 (525, 5167) | 4200 (1063, 16346) |
| Currently employed | 24862 (12917, 44751) | 2037 (508, 4960) | 3351 (816, 12917) |
| Life Partner (n=145,386) | |||
| Lives without partner | 25833 (11766, 45655) | 1943 (539, 5221) | 3400 (845, 13053) |
| Lives with partner | 25595 (12705, 46011) | 2067 (503, 5082) | 4079 (1051, 16064) |
| Wealth Index (n=145,386) | |||
| Poorest quintile | 18926 (8639, 34100) | 1771 (508, 4194) | 2200 (631, 5636) |
| Poorer quintile | 20328 (9789, 37805) | 2067 (531, 5027) | 2870 (816, 8857) |
| Middle quintile | 23795 (11481, 42341) | 2214 (544, 5511) | 3974 (1051, 13668) |
| Richer quintile | 26231 (13373, 46970) | 2255 (489, 5787) | 6302 (1409, 2284) |
| Richest quintile | 30300 (15500, 51667) | 2114 (211, 5778) | 14249 (2340, 37200) |
| Region (n=137,954) | |||
| North | 24542 (12449, 43772) | 1632 (0, 4593) | 3153 (539, 13286) |
| Central | 21017 (9859, 41036) | 1292 (203, 3358) | 2312 (525, 9789) |
| East | 25436 (12718, 42160) | 2480 (838, 5314) | 3577 (1240, 11341) |
| North-east | 33762 (14395, 56082) | 5044 (2207, 10145) | 5800 (2492, 13386) |
| West | 23673 (12400, 45091) | 1409 (113, 4537) | 7186 (1127, 23560) |
| South | 31709 (17149, 51814) | 3179 (1127, 7074) | 8267 (2175, 28654) |
| Health Insurance Coverage (n=145,386) | |||
| Absent | 25434 (12682, 45654) | 2067 (517, 5073) | 4165 (1063, 16316) |
| Present | 26477 (12868, 47194) | 1938 (408, 5167) | 3720 (912, 15018) |
| Type Of Delivery Method Opted (n= 145,386) | |||
| Normal delivery | 17169 (9435, 29884) | 1786 (413, 4326) | 2696 (721, 8455) |
| Caesarean delivery | 37805 (21510, 58649) | 4429 (1196, 10941) | 20132 (4559, 44433) |
| Supply-side covariates | |||
| Prenatal visits (n=139,146) | |||
| Physicians | 27280 (13761, 47814) | 2312 (571, 5711) | 5439 (1305, 21000) |
| Other healthcare workers, except doctors | 21136 (10333, 39455) | 1632 (326, 4043) | 2431 (631, 8267) |
| Trained dai or family members | 25686 (16056, 44286) | 2102 (636, 6434) | 5073 (1148, 15933) |
| Number of ANC visits (n=137,652) | |||
| <4 visits | 20925 (10266, 40656) | 2033 (525, 4895) | 3363 (946, 11446) |
| 4-8 visits | 26231 (13354, 46293) | 1860 (365, 4932) | 4043 (943, 16898) |
| >8 visits | 32148 (17050, 51946) | 2543 (705, 6327) | 7209 (1691, 28464) |
| Adolescent Pregnancy (n=145,386) | |||
| Yes | 24313 (12664, 42034) | 1908 (425, 5054) | 3024 (756, 11071) |
| No | 25655 (12705, 46095) | 2067 (508, 5082) | 4102 (1051, 16262) |
| Elderly Pregnancy (n=145,386) | |||
| Yes | 28546 (12283, 51667) | 1837 (489, 4627) | 3993 (973, 19000) |
| No | 25529 (12705, 45738) | 2067 (505, 5087) | 4066 (1051, 15921) |
| Pregnancy Complication (n=143,756) | |||
| Yes | 26009 (12964, 46500) | 2175 (544, 5391) | 4213 (1113, 16174) |
| No | 24800 (12042, 45091) | 1832 (407, 4593) | 3701 (925, 15237) |
| Birth Order Number (n=145,386) | |||
| Primigravida | 28909 (14588, 50579) | 2303 (508, 5849) | 5623 (1257, 22682) |
| >1 baby | 23439 (11573, 42402) | 1908 (503, 4769) | 3444 (925, 12718) |