Table 3.
Association of out-of-pocket expenditure from institutional deliveries with various socio-demographic and supply-side covariates along with risk factors of complicated delivery
| Characteristics | ß-coefficient (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Residence | |
| Urban | Reference |
| Rural | 372.20 (79.82, 824.24) |
| Educational attainment | |
| No formal education | Reference |
| Completed primary education | 181.63 (-209.42, 572.69) |
| Junior High | -63.35 (-431.71, 305.01) |
| Completed secondary education | 282.70 (-136.36, 701.76) |
| Higher Secondary | 586.92 (64.74, 1109.10) |
| Above Higher Secondary | 1972.76 (1343.87, 2601.67) |
| Social classes | |
| Scheduled Tribe | Reference |
| Scheduled Caste | -220.39 (-669.37, 228.59) |
| Other Backward Class | 636.25 (147.81, 1124.68) |
| None of the casts | 1641.05 (1030.67, 2251.43) |
| Wealth Index | |
| Poorest quintile | Reference |
| Poorer quintile | -145.01 (-457.05, 167.02) |
| Middle quintile | -242.86 (-650.22, 164.50) |
| Richer quintile | 346.02 (-143.89, 835.92) |
| Richest quintile | 2118.01 (1452.34, 2783.69) |
| Region | |
| North | Reference |
| Central | -757.78 (-1181.55, -334.01) |
| East | 378.42 (-110.99, 867.83) |
| North-east | 5314.55 (4469.60, 6159.50) |
| West | 319.33 (-297.33, 935.99) |
| South | 2402.92 (1678.24, 3127.60) |
| Prenatal Visits | |
| Physicians | 520.17 (230.59, 809.74) |
| Other healthcare workers, except doctors | Reference |
| Trained dai or family members | 6657.06 (-5562.18, 18,876.31) |
| Number of ANC visits | |
| < 4 visits | Reference |
| 4–8 visits | 368.70 (45.75, 691.64) |
| > 8 visits | 494.21 (-90.02, 1078.43) |
| Adolescent Pregnancy | |
| Yes | -757.10 (-1555.89, 41.70) |
| No | Reference |
| Elderly Pregnancy | |
| Yes | 1283.64 (210.88, 2356.40) |
| No | Reference |
| Pregnancy Complication | |
| Yes | 823.94 (482.26, 1165.62) |
| No | Reference |
| Birth Order Number | |
| Primigravida | 1316.50 (912.49, 1720.51) |
| > 1 baby | Reference |
| Place Of Deliveries | |
| Private-caesarean | 39659.61 (38835.40, 40483.82) |
| Private-normal delivery | 18223.95 (17712.57, 18735.33) |
| Public-caesarean | 4207.98 (3828.11, 4587.85) |
| Public-normal delivery | Reference |