Fig. 4.

SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect on CNS cells. A–D Astrocytes, E–H hCMEC/d3, I–L HBVP and M–P HMC3 were infected with WT (A, E, I, M), Alpha (B, F, J, N), Beta (C, G, K, O) and Omicron (D, H, L, P) viruses at MOI 0.1 (WT: light blue; Alpha: purple; Beta: light green; Omicron: yellow) or MOI 1 (WT: dark blue; Alpha: burgundy; Beta: dark green; Omicron: brown) for 6 days and the impedance was recorded in real time continuously. The mean and SEM for 3 to 5 different donors/passages are presented in percentage of the uninfected control (red)