Table 1.
eRNAs with confirmed functions in diseases
| Diseases | eRNAs | Features | Functions | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer | NET1e | Enrichment of histone H3K4me1 and H3K27ac modification | NET1e contributes to breast cancer progression via upregulation of the important breast cancer oncogene NET1 | [71] |
| HPSE eRNA | Consisting of three exons, non-polyadenylated | HPSE eRNA promotes cancer progression through driving chromatin looping and regulating hnRNPU/p300/EGR1/HPSE axis | [72] | |
| KLK3e | Bidirectional, sense (2,170 bp) and antisense (2,230 bp), some of them are polyadenylated | KLK3e facilitates the spatial interaction of the KLK3 enhancer and the KLK2 promoter, enhances long-distance KLK2 transcriptional activation | [92] | |
| eRNAs produced from p53BERs | ~ 600 nucleotides, Nonpolyadenylated | eRNAs produced from p53BERs are required for transcription enhancement of neighboring genes and an efficient p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest | [16] | |
| PSA eRNA | Enrichment of H3K4me1, H3K4me2 and H3K27ac | The PSA eRNA binds to CYCLIN T1, activates P-TEFb and increases Pol II-Ser2p and cell growth | [69] | |
| eNEMAL | 762 nt, unspliced, polyadenylated | eNEMAL regulates the NEAT1 short/long isoform switch, promotes NEAT1 long isoform expression | [93] | |
| Inflammation | IL1β-eRNA | Unidirectional, with high H3K4me1/H3K4me3 | Regulating the LPS-induced inflammatory response in human monocytes | [68] |
| Neurological diseases | enh3256 | - | Regulating GOLPH3L gene expression | [94] |
| Myogenesis | CERNA, DRRRNA | DRRRNA: polyadenylated, single-stranded. CERNA: bidirectional, highly conserved in mammals | CERNA actives expression of MyoD in cis, DRRRNA activates the downstream myogenic genes in trans | [17] |
| DRReRNA | a ~ 2 Kb transcript, unidirectional, polyadenylated, spliced | DRReRNA directs Cohesin loading in trans to regulate Myogenin expression | [70] |
eRNAs enhancer RNAs, HPSE heparinase, KLK3 Kallikrein-related peptidase 3, p53BERs p53-bound enhancer regions, eNEMAL eRNA of the NEAT1-MALAT1-Locus, IL1β interleukin 1β, LPS lipopolysaccharide, CE core enhancer, DRR distal enhancers
“-” means this part is not mentioned in the article