Table 1.
Population characteristics across frailty status
| Characteristics | Total (N = 17,052) |
Non-Frailty (N = 13,233) |
Frailty (N = 3819) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 59 (11.90) | 57 (11.46) | 63 (12.38) | 2.05E-30 |
| Gender | 1.16E-18 | |||
| Female | 6059 (52.43%) | 3973 (49.31%) | 2086 (61.84%) | |
| Male | 5779 (47.57%) | 4282 (50.69%) | 1497 (38.16%) | |
| Ethnicity | 2.63E-13 | |||
| White | 5545 (73.78%) | 3869 (75.30%) | 1676 (69.17%) | |
| Black | 2389 (9.60%) | 1520 (8.18%) | 869 (13.90%) | |
| Other | 3904 (16.62%) | 2866 (16.52%) | 1038 (16.93%) | |
| Education level | 2.66E-22 | |||
| Below High School | 3397 (17.66%) | 2043 (14.39%) | 1354 (27.54%) | |
| High School and above | 8441 (82.34%) | 6212 (85.61%) | 2229 (72.46%) | |
| Marital status | 2.49E-18 | |||
| Non-Married | 5056 (37.01%) | 3143 (33.09%) | 1913 (48.86%) | |
| Married | 6782 (62.99%) | 5112 (66.91%) | 1670 (51.14%) | |
| Family income | 8.30E-50 | |||
| Poor | 2012 (10.47%) | 1108 (7.55%) | 904 (19.27%) | |
| Near poor | 3375 (19.96%) | 2048 (16.06%) | 1327 (31.75%) | |
| Non-poor | 6451 (69.57%) | 5099 (76.39%) | 1352 (48.98%) | |
| Smoking status | 2.33E-15 | |||
| Never | 5980 (50.35%) | 4392 (53.18%) | 1588 (41.78%) | |
| Former | 3703 (31.48%) | 2495 (30.78%) | 1208 (33.61%) | |
| Current | 2155 (18.17%) | 1368 (16.04%) | 787 (24.61%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29 (6.64) | 29 (6.05) | 31 (7.86) | 1.81E-21 |
| SBP, mmHg | 126 (18.40) | 125 (17.69) | 129 (20.06) | 1.41E-15 |
| DBP, mmHg | 70 (11.69) | 71 (11.18) | 68 (12.88) | 7.33E-16 |
| HEI-2015 | 1.07E-12 | |||
| Quartile 1 | 2960 (26.04%) | 1929 (24.80%) | 1031 (29.78%) | |
| Quartile 2 | 2959 (24.67%) | 1961 (23.65%) | 998 (27.75%) | |
| Quartile 3 | 2959 (24.49%) | 2108 (24.36%) | 851 (24.89%) | |
| Quartile 4 | 2960 (24.80%) | 2257 (27.20%) | 703 (17.58%) | |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 4.68E-46 | |||
| ≥ 90 | 5104 (43.56%) | 3895 (45.87%) | 1209 (36.60%) | |
| 60 to 89 | 5106 (45.58%) | 3633 (47.14%) | 1473 (40.90%) | |
| < 60 | 1628 (10.85%) | 727 (7.00%) | 901 (22.50%) | |
| Type 2 DM | 2188 (13.96%) | 883 (8.15%) | 1305 (31.49%) | 8.66E-49 |
| CVD | 2100 (14.75%) | 692 (7.81%) | 1408 (35.69%) | 1.57E-52 |
| Statins use | 3296 (26.63%) | 1830 (21.86%) | 1466 (41.01%) | 4.36E-26 |
| Anti-diabetic drug use | 2012 (13.20%) | 837 (8.11%) | 1175 (28.56%) | 1.62E-43 |
| Anti-hypertensive drug use | 1122 (8.49%) | 680 (7.45%) | 442 (11.62%) | 2.61E-08 |
| TG, mg/dl | 109 (76, 158) | 105 (74, 153) | 121 (86, 175) | 1.54E-15 |
| TC, mg/dl | 197.94 (41.36) | 200.41 (39.95) | 190.49 (44.51) | 8.45E-16 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 55.64 (17.05) | 56.41 (16.85) | 53.33 (17.43) | 2.84E-10 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | ||||
| Martin-Hopkins | 118.97 (35.72) | 121.10 (34.57) | 112.54 (38.28) | 9.28E-16 |
| Friedewald | 117.17 (36.32) | 119.70 (35.11) | 109.53 (38.77) | 3.83E-19 |
| Sampson | 119.71 (36.29) | 122.14 (35.17) | 112.38 (38.57) | 5.84E-18 |
| RC, mg/dl | ||||
| Martin-Hopkins | 23.33 (8.92) | 22.90 (8.69) | 24.62 (9.47) | 2.45E-10 |
| Friedewald | 25.13 (13.51) | 24.30 (13.08) | 27.63 (14.45) | 1.54E-15 |
| Sampson | 22.59 (11.79) | 21.86 (11.45) | 24.78 (12.49) | 3.90E-17 |
| RC to TC Ratio, % | ||||
| Martin-Hopkins | 11.15 (8.86, 14.31) | 10.71 (8.61, 13.74) | 12.47 (9.92, 15.51) | 1.91E-28 |
| Friedewald | 11.21 (7.93, 16.17) | 10.63 (7.62, 15.36) | 13.27 (9.44, 18.39) | 4.44E-28 |
| Sampson | 10.30 (7.39, 14.56) | 9.74 (7.04, 13.83) | 12.13 (8.75, 16.38) | 2.45E-29 |
| RC to LDL-C Ratio, % | ||||
| Martin-Hopkins | 18.78 (14.95, 24.31) | 17.95 (14.40, 23.27) | 21.32 (16.93, 27.39) | 1.49E-33 |
| Friedewald | 18.81 (13.15, 28.14) | 17.65 (12.50, 26.35) | 22.74 (16.06, 33.69) | 3.35E-33 |
| Sampson | 17.15 (12.16, 24.86) | 15.99 (11.51, 23.47) | 20.70 (14.80, 29.47) | 5.77E-34 |
Notes: Percentages, Mean value, and Standard deviation were weighted and accounted for the complex sampling design. Sample size was unweighted. BMI Body mass index RC Remnant cholesterol, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HEI-2015 Healthy Eating Index-2015, CVD Cardiovascular disease, DM Diabetes mellitus, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure