Table 1.
Relationships between baseline clinical characteristics and stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in patients with ischemic stroke
| Characteristics | Total (n = 915) | Non-SAP (n = 621) | SAP (n = 294) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Variables | ||||
| Age, years | 64.65 ± 14.06 | 62.11 ± 13.54 | 69.48 ± 13.79 | < 0.001 |
| Males, n (%) | 576 (63.0) | 400 (64.4) | 176 (59.9) | 0.209 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 380 (41.5) | 269 (43.3) | 111 (37.8) | 0.128 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 276 (30.2) | 191 (30.8) | 85 (28.9) | 0.624 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 542 (59.2) | 247 (39.8) | 126 (42.9) | 0.416 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 221 (24.2) | 150 (24.2) | 71 (24.1) | > 0.999 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 85 (9.3) | 68 (11.0) | 17 (5.8) | 0.017 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 222 (24.3) | 106 (17.1) | 116 (39.5) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 93 (10.2) | 57 (9.2) | 36 (12.2) | 0.188 |
| History of cancer, n (%) | 43 (4.7) | 23 (3.7) | 20 (6.8) | 0.057 |
| Physiological and Lab Variables | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 (IQR) | 23.80 ± 3.29 | 24.10 ± 3.32 | 23.00 ± 3.09 | < 0.001 |
| Admission SBP, mmHg | 145 ± 26 | 145 ± 26 | 145 ± 24 | 0.945 |
| Admission DBP, mmHg | 87 ± 16 | 88 ± 15 | 87 ± 17 | 0.433 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 82 ± 23 | 81 ± 19 | 81 ± 24 | 0.638 |
| Temperature, ℃ | 36.50 ± 0.29 | 36.47 ± 0.25 | 36.54 ± 0.37 | 0.001 |
| Dysphagia, n (%) | 80 (8.7) | 26 (4.2) | 54 (18.4) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L (IQR) | 137 (125–148) | 139 (127–150) | 133 (120–144) | < 0.001 |
| WBC, 109/L (IQR) | 7.12 (5.89–9.12) | 6.76 (5.70–8.40) | 8.42 (6.43–10.30) | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophil count, 109/L (IQR) | 4.96 (3.71–7.19) | 4.49 (3.47–6.26) | 6.56 (4.61–8.42) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet count, 109/L (IQR) | 176 (140–220) | 180 (143–226) | 169 (134–207) | 0.010 |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L (IQR) | 1.41 (1.00–1.86) | 1.52 (1.12–1.96) | 1.16 (0.83–1.58) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L (IQR) | 42.1 (39.6–44.5) | 42.9 (40.5–44.9) | 40.5 (37.4–43.0) | < 0.001 |
| D-dimer, mg/L (IQR) | 0.77 (0.34–2.15) | 0.57 (0.28–1.18) | 1.94 (0.91–4.74) | < 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L (IQR) | 2.86 (2.41–3.49) | 2.82 (2.37–3.27) | 3.10 (2.48–3.86) | < 0.001 |
| Blood glucose, mmol/L (IQR) | 6.20 (5.70–6.51) | 6.20 (5.70–6.60) | 6.20 (5.70–6.51) | 0.255 |
| Creatinine, umol/L (IQR) | 74 (63–87) | 73 (63–85) | 76 (63–93) | 0.243 |
| BUN, mmol/L (IQR) | 5.6 (4.5–7.1) | 6.0 (4.7–7.9) | 5.5 (4.4–6.8) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L (IQR) | 1.27 (0.92–1.85) | 1.37 (0.97–1.98) | 1.12 (0.88–1.57) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L (IQR) | 4.59 (3.81–5.43) | 4.60 (3.83–5.48) | 4.56 (3.76–5.36) | 0.147 |
| HDL, mmol/L (IQR) | 1.20 (0.97–1.46) | 2.41 (1.90–3.05) | 2.35 (1.83–2.90) | 0.237 |
| LDL, mmol/L (IQR) | 2.39 (1.88–3.03) | 1.21 (0.98–1.45) | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 0.420 |
| Risk scores | ||||
| NIHSS score (IQR) | 5 (3–12) | 4 (2–6) | 14 (9–18) | < 0.001 |
| A2DS2 score (IQR) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (1–4) | 5 (4–7) | < 0.001 |
| PSI score (IQR) | 68 (55–84) | 65 (52–77) | 81 (62 -100) | < 0.001 |
Data were presented by n (%), median ± standard deviation, and interquartile range (IQR)
Abbreviations: SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WBC white blood cell count, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, NIHSS National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, CONUT controlling nutritional status score, GNRI geriatric nutritional risk index, PNI prognostic nutritional index, PSI pneumonia severity index