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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Multiphys. 2023 May 26;5:100072. doi: 10.1016/j.brain.2023.100072

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Patient data-based 2D finite element models used to simulate periventricular white matter hyperintensity (WMH) formation (first row). For various levels of ventricular enlargement (columns), we show the underlying age-related brain atrophy (second row) that drives brain deformation (third row) and related ependymal cell thinning (fourth row). Our multiphysics model couples atrophy to a periventricular WMH damage field that captures the white matter regions associated with WMHs (fifth row).