Table 1.

Examples of collection and analysis methods of exhaled breath compounds

Target compound	Example	Breath sampling	Breath analysis
Nonvolatile organic compounds and water-soluble volatile molecules	Lipids, amino acids	Exhaled breath condensate	Spectrometry or enzyme immunoassay
Volatile organic compounds	Acetone, ethanol	Exhaled aira	Spectrometry or (cross-reactive) sensors
Volatile nonorganic compounds	Nitric oxide	Exhaled aira	Specific sensor

This table includes the most common ways of sampling and analyzing breath, and is not intended being a complete overview as no standard approach exists.

^aExhaled air can be collected and processed in a sampling bag prior to compound analysis or can be captured and stored directly by exhaling through a device.