. 2023 Apr 24;34(8):1409–1420. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000147

Table 3.

Hazard ratios for incident CKD per doubling or SD increase in baseline protein concentration

Protein	Unadjusted		P Value for Difference	Model 1		P Value for Difference	Model 2		P Value for Difference
Protein	HR	95% CI	P Value for Difference	HR	95% CI	P Value for Difference	HR	95% CI	P Value for Difference
MCP-1^a
mGFR	0.89	0.58 to 1.37		0.87	0.55 to 1.37		0.81	0.52 to 1.27
eGFRcre	1.00	0.58 to 1.73	0.55	0.95	0.53 to 1.70	0.67	0.93	0.54 to 1.59	0.76
eGFRcys	1.24	0.86 to 1.78	0.04^b	1.17	0.78 to 1.75	0.19	1.06	0.74 to 1.51	0.43
eGFRcyscre	1.06	0.64 to 1.75	0.40	1.00	0.59 to 1.68	0.56	0.87	0.51 to 1.46	0.91
TRAIL-R2^a
mGFR	1.64^b	1.37 to 1.96^b		1.54^b	1.27 to 1.87^b		1.48^b	1.18 to 1.87^b
eGFRcre	1.67^b	1.20 to 2.31^b	0.87	1.58^b	1.08 to 2.31^b	0.78	1.37	0.81 to 2.30	0.57
eGFRcys	1.62^b	1.44 to 1.83^b	0.98	1.44^b	1.25 to 1.67^b	0.71	1.00	0.63 to 1.58	0.09
eGFRcyscre	1.57^b	1.26 to 1.96^b	0.69	1.39^b	1.08 to 1.80^b	0.50	0.82	0.46 to 1.44	0.05
FABP4^a
mGFR	2.00^b	1.58 to 2.53^b		1.69^b	1.28 to 2.23^b		1.10	0.82 to 1.48
eGFRcre	1.91^b	1.39 to 2.64^b	0.84	1.86^b	1.27 to 2.73^b	0.98	1.19	0.77 to 1.83	0.72
eGFRcys	2.37^b	1.87 to 3.01^b	0.16	1.70^b	1.28 to 2.26^b	0.51	0.98	0.72 to 1.34	0.36
eGFRcyscre	2.31^b	1.75 to 3.06^b	0.31	1.89^b	1.37 to 2.61^b	0.63	0.99	0.67 to 1.46	0.54
TNFR2
mGFR	1.47^b	1.37 to 1.57^b		1.33^b	1.25 to 1.42^b		1.15^b	1.05 to 1.26^b
eGFRcre	1.37^b	1.20 to 1.57^b	0.36^c	1.27^b	1.12 to 1.44^b	0.52^d	1.09	.88 to 1.36	0.64
eGFRcys	1.69^b	1.63 to 1.75^b	<0.001^b	1.63^b	1.55 to 1.72^b	<0.001^b	1.01	0.85 to 1.21	0.40
eGFRcyscre	1.58^b	1.47 to 1.71^b	0.08	1.46^b	1.34 to 1.58^b	0.13	0.95	0.80 to 1.14	0.16
CD40Lig
mGFR	1.08	0.91 to 1.29		1.05	0.89 to 1.24		1.04	0.89 to 1.23
eGFRcre	0.97	0.72 to 1.32	0.31	0.95	0.70 to 1.29	0.36	0.93	0.96 to 1.27	0.43
eGFRcys	1.08	0.89 to 1.31	0.93	0.99	0.86 to 1.15	0.46	0.91	0.77 to 1.08	0.17
eGFRcyscre	1.04	0.82 to 1.32	0.61	0.97	0.78 to 1.20	0.31	0.96	0.75 to 1.22	0.34
GDF-15^a
mGFR	1.67^b	1.26 to 2.21^b		1.55^b	1.11 to 2.15^b		1.25	0.90 to 1.74
eGFRcre	1.27	0.91 to 1.76	0.35	1.09	0.72 to 1.64	0.31^e	0.76	0.48 to 1.20	0.09
eGFRcys	2.18^b	1.72 to 2.77^b	0.04^b	2.18^b	1.59 to 2.99^b	0.05	1.13	0.76 to 1.68	0.67
eGFRcyscre	2.07^b	1.47 to 2.91	0.19	1.83^b	1.23 to 2.73^b	0.36	0.99	0.60 to 1.62	0.31
Tie2
mGFR	1.03	0.85 to 1.25		1.06	0.87 to 1.29		0.95	0.77 to 1.17
eGFRcre	1.12	0.87 to 1.46	0.50	1.14	0.85 to 1.53	0.56	1.08	0.82 to 1.42	0.49
eGFRcys	1.11	0.93 to 1.33	0.45	1.05	0.88 to 1.27	0.97	1.12	0.92 to 1.36	0.33
eGFRcyscre	1.09	0.87 to 1.37	0.59	1.09	0.86 to 1.40	0.73	1.00	0.79 to 1.26	0.81
MMP7
mGFR	1.85^b	1.62 to 2.11^b		1.75^b	1.53 to 1.99^b		1.53^b	1.34 to 1.75^b
eGFRcre	1.71^b	1.47 to 1.99^b	0.48	1.65^b	1.39 to 1.96^b	0.61	1.42^b	1.13 to 1.79^b	0.53
eGFRcys	1.88^b	1.69 to 2.09^b	0.81	1.80^b	1.58 to 2.06^b	0.71	1.65^b	1.35 to 2.02^b	0.48
eGFRcyscre	1.89^b	1.67 to 2.14^b	0.81	1.75^b	1.51 to 2.03^b	0.98	1.48^b	1.23 to 1.80^b	0.74
suPAR
mGFR	1.11^b	1.06 to 1.15^b		1.08	0.94 to 1.24		1.11	0.98 to 1.25
eGFRcre	0.95	0.67 to 1.35	0.04^f	0.81	0.54 to 1.23	0.04^g	0.61^b	0.41 to 0.90^b	0.01^h
eGFRcys	1.14^b	1.10 to 1.17^b	0.14	1.13^b	1.04 to 1.22^b	0.30	1.08	0.90 to 1.30	0.71
eGFRcyscre	1.11^b	1.04 to 1.19^b	0.81	1.06	0.85 to 1.33	0.77	0.81	0.61 to 1.10	0.08
MMP2
mGFR	1.12	0.93 to 1.35		1.04	0.87 to 1.24		1.08	0.91 to 1.30
eGFRcre	1.27	1.02 to 1.60	0.09	1.19	0.95 to 1.48	0.06	1.20	0.88 to 1.64	0.27
eGFRcys	1.18	1.01 to 1.38	0.47	1.12	0.98 to 1.27	0.29	1.24^b	1.03 to 1.49^b	0.24
eGFRcyscre	1.18	0.93 to 1.48	0.50	1.09	0.89 to 1.35	0.43	1.01	0.81 to 1.27	0.71
Umod
mGFR	0.74^b	0.58 to 0.94^b		0.72^b	0.56 to 0.93^b		0.82	0.64 to 1.06
eGFRcre	0.91	0.66 to 1.26	0.09ⁱ	0.92	0.65 to 1.30	0.08^j	1.13	0.84 to 1.52	0.07
eGFRcys	0.67^b	0.50 to 0.89^b	0.30	0.71^b	0.53 to 0.95^b	0.81	0.98	0.70 to 1.37	0.26
eGFRcyscre	0.74	0.53 to 1.05	0.94	0.75	0.53 to 1.07	0.81	1.04	0.73 to 1.48	0.20
Gal-3
mGFR	1.25^b	1.07 to 1.45^b		1.14	0.97 to 1.35		1.09	0.90 to 1.31
eGFRcre	1.38^b	1.15 to 1.64^b	0.06	1.32^b	1.09 to 1.60^b	0.03^b	1.18	0.98 to 1.43	0.36
eGFRcys	1.30^b	1.13 to 1.50^b	0.34	1.18^b	1.01 to 1.38^b	0.64	1.09	0.97 to 1.22	0.95
eGFRcyscre	1.38^b	1.18 to 1.63^b	0.02^b	1.28^b	1.07 to 1.52^b	0.06	1.12	0.96 to 1.32	0.61

Incident CKD is defined as new-onset GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m² during follow-up.

A total of 1409 individuals are included in the analysis; the respective numbers of baseline CKD and incident CKD for the GFR methods are mGFR; n=8 and, n=95. eGFRcre; n=4 and n=51. eGFRcys; n=5 and n=96. eGFRcyscr; n=3 and n=62.

Model 1: sex, age, body mass index, and smoke (now, previously, and newer).

Model 2: model 1+baseline GFR. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; mGFR, measured GFR; cre, creatinine; cys, cystatin C; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TRAIL-R2, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2; FABP4, fatty acid-binding protein 4; TNFR2: TNF receptor 2; CD40Lig, CD40 ligand receptor; GDF-15, growth/differentiation factor 15; Tie2, TEK tyrosine kinase; MMP7, matrix metalloproteinase 7; suPAR, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor; MMP2, matrix metalloproteinase 2; Umod, uromodulin; Gal-3, galectin-3.

Log2 transformed.

Statistically significant association between protein and incident CKD.

Difference between eGFrcre and eGFRcys: ^cP value: <0.001, ^dP value: <0.001, ^eP value: 0.04, ^fP value: 0.004, ^gP value: 0.002, ^hP value: 0.004, ⁱP value: 0.008, ^jP value: 0.04.