Table 2.
Association of a first-time symptomatic kidney stone with different periods of antibiotic use among all included stone formers and matched controls (N=5271)
| Time from Antibiotic to the Index Date | Stone Formers (N=1247) | Controls (N=4024) | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | |||
| 1 d–1 yr, n (%) | 416 (33.4) | 1139 (28.3) | 1.31 (1.12 to 1.54) | 0.001b | 1.16 (0.98 to 1.37) | 0.08 |
| 1–2 yr, n (%) | 177 (14.2) | 570 (14.2) | 1.09 (0.89 to 1.34) | 0.39 | 1.02 (0.83 to 1.26) | 0.85 |
| 2–5 yr, n (%) | 236 (18.9) | 901 (22.4) | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.11) | 0.39 | 0.87 (0.72 to 1.04) | 0.12 |
| No antibiotics,c n (%) | 418 (33.5) | 1414 (35.1) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
P-values derived from conditional logistic regression models to account for age and sex matching. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Adjusted for ethnicity, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, CKD.
b
P-values denote statistical significance at the 0.05 α level.
c
No antibiotics prescribed within 5 years before the index date.