. 2023 Jul 19;101:skad244. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad244

Table 6.

Average plasma concentrations of fatty acid methyl esters (µg/mL) of cows offered no prepartum supplementation (NOSUP) and 1 kg/d of low-fat (LFAT) or high-fat (HFAT) bakery waste-based supplement from days 0 to 70 (6 pastures per maternal treatment; 6 cows and 4.3 ha per pasture)

Item¹^,²	Maternal treatment			SEM	P-value³
Item¹^,²	NOSUP	LFAT	HFAT	SEM	Maternal treatment	Maternal treatment × day of the study
Tridecanoic acid (13:0)	0.26	0.29	0.25	0.041	0.77	0.75
Myristic acid (14:0)	2.26	2.11	2.21	0.085	0.44	0.11
Pentadecanoic acid (15:0)	1.98^b	1.75^a	1.77^a	0.084	0.03	0.12
Palmitic acid (16:0)	104^a	104^a	108^b	0.9	<0.01	0.21
Palmitoleic acid (16:1, ω-7)	3.16	3.20	3.14	0.198	0.98	0.85
Heptadecanoic acid (17:0)	2.93	2.76	2.94	0.135	0.59	0.86
Stearic acid (18:0)	90	91	92	1.2	0.68	<0.01
Oleic acid (18:1, ω-9)	24.8	25.2	26.5	1.21	0.56	0.90
Linoleic acid (18:2, ω-6)	188	198	213	3.7	<0.01	<0.01
α-Linolenic acid (18:3, ω-3)	14.4	13.9	13.5	0.71	0.68	0.27
γ-Linolenic acid (18:3, ω-6)	0.57	0.58	0.51	0.078	0.77	0.59
Arachidic acid (20:0)	0.64	0.61	0.62	0.044	0.92	0.37
Gondoic acid (20:1, ω-9)	0.61	0.79	0.69	0.065	0.19	0.71
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3, ω-6)	1.86	1.76	2.03	0.100	0.17	0.23
Arachidonic acid (20:4, ω-6)	3.09^a	2.98^a	3.50^b	0.152	0.04	0.97
Docosadienoic acid (22:2, ω-6)	1.65	1.43	1.49	0.111	0.37	0.49
Docosatrienoic acid (22:3, ω-3)	1.86	1.78	2.08	0.158	0.40	0.25
Osbond acid (22:5, ω-6)	0.39^a	0.38^a	0.53^b	0.033	<0.01	0.15
Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5, ω-3)	0.35^a	0.42^a	1.17^b	0.132	<0.01	0.35
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, ω-3)	1.69	1.73	1.76	0.087	0.86	0.90
Lignoceric acid (24:0)	0.78	0.77	0.81	0.034	0.62	0.22
Total SFA	198	198	203	1.9	0.12	0.01
Total MUFA	28.0	28.4	39.7	1.35	0.66	0.94
Total PUFA	214	223	240	3.6	<0.01	<0.01
Total ω-3	18.3	17.8	18.5	0.88	0.86	0.48
Total ω-6	196	207	221	3.6	<0.01	<0.01
Total identified	446	456	478	4.6	<0.01	<0.01

¹Plasma samples of cows were collected on days 0, 35, 70, and 140. All plasma fatty acid concentrations on day 0 did not differ (P ≥ 0.23) among maternal treatments but were covariate-adjusted for the respective plasma concentrations on day 0 (P ≤ 0.05).

²SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids.

³Effects of day of the study were detected (P ≤ 0.02) for all plasma fatty acids, except (P ≥ 0.16) for γ-linolenic, gondoic, dihomo-γ-linolenic, osbond, docosapentaenoic, docohexaenoic, and lignoceric acids.

^a,bWithin a row, means without common superscript differ (P ≤ 0.05).