Table 7.

Reproductive performance of cows offered no prepartum supplementation (NOSUP) and 1 kg/d of low-fat (LFAT) or high-fat (HFAT) bakery waste-based supplement from days 0 to 70 (6 pastures per maternal treatment; 6 cows and 4.3 ha per pasture)

Item2	Maternal treatment1			SEM	P-value3
	NOSUP	LFAT	HFAT
First offspring
Calving4, % of total pregnant cows	93.8	86.1	86.1	5.19	0.41
Calving date, day of the study	89	90	84	3.1	0.34
Male calves at birth, %	47.8	56.7	58.6	9.35	0.61
Calf birth BW5, kg	35.5	36.7	35.0	0.77	0.26
Second offspring
Pregnant day 292, % of total cows	97.9	94.1	100.0	2.73	0.30
Calving4, % of total pregnant cows	87.2	80.0	86.0	6.17	0.65
Calving date, day of the study	456b	451ab	446a	2.9	0.06
Calving distribution, %
Day 429 to 450 (first 21 d of calving season)	68.1a	70.8a	85.7b	5.64	0.03
Day 451 to 471 (second 21 d of calving season)	90.7ab	80.7a	100.0b	5.64
Day 472 to 492 (third 21 d of calving season)	99.9a	93.5a	100.0a	5.64
Male calves at birth, %	60.5	45.2	70.4	9.25	0.13
Calf birth BW, kg	36.0	34.1	35.4	0.98	0.29

¹Weekly amount of LFAT and HFAT supplements was divided into three equal amounts and offered every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from days 0 to 70.

²First offspring comprises of calves that were in utero when maternal treatments were provided (days 0 to 70). Second offspring comprises of calves that were conceived during the breeding season (days 140 to 236).

³ P-value for the effects of maternal treatment × day of the study for calving distribution or P-value for the overall effects of maternal treatment for all remaining variables.

⁴Calving percentage consists of cows that were diagnosed as pregnant and delivered a live calf at birth. Cows that did not deliver a live calf at birth were not used for blood collections and were removed from the study and all subsequent statistical analyses of any cow data.

⁵Covariate-adjusted for calf sex and calving date (P ≤ 0.01).

^a,bWithin a row, means without common superscript differ (P ≤ 0.05).