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. 2023 Jul 15;10(8):ofad366. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad366

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — A–D, HBV serologic profiles of mothers in a cohort of HIV MTCT pairs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A, All women in the cohort (N = 175) were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV anti-core IgG (anti-HBc), and HBV anti-S (anti-HBs). B, Serological profiles of anti-HBs positive women (n = 58). HBV vaccination was likely in women with HBsAg–/anti-HBc– status, with the presence of any other HBV biomarker (HBsAg and/or anti-HBc) suggesting that immunity is the result of previous infection. C, Additional testing of women who were HBsAg positive is presented (n = 15), which included HBV e-antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA. D, Seven women who were HBsAg positive had HBV viral loads above the limit of detection (1.92 log₁₀ IU/mL). The viral load of the maternal sample from the HBV MTCT pair is highlighted in red. The high-risk threshold for MTCT of HBV is also indicated (5.3 log₁₀ IU/mL). Data are presented as median (IQR). HBV, hepatitis B virus; MTCT, mother-to-child transmission.