Table 1.
Maternal HBV and HIV Virology and Serology Results Among Mother-Child Paired Samples Who Were HBsAg (n = 15) and Anti-HBc IgM (n = 1) Positive
| Maternal HBV Serology and Virology | Maternal HIV VL, CD4 and CD8 Counts, and Treatment at Delivery | Infant HBV Serology | Infant HIV Treatment | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Study ID | Anti-HBs | Anti-HBc | HBeAg | VL, Log10 IU/mL | HBV MTCT Risk | Proportion of Pregnancy on ART, % | HBV Active NA in Maternal Treatmenta |
Maternal HIV VL, Log10 Copies/mL | CD4, Cells/mL | CD8, Cells/mL | Infant HBsAg, 1 month | Infant HBsAg, 12 months | Infant Anti-HBs, 12 months | Infant PMTCT at Birthb | Infant cARTb | Age at cART Initiation, daysc |
| HBKN-109 | + | + [IgM+] | N/A | N/A | Unclear | 69.5 | TDF | 3.3 | 653 | 1554 | − | − | + | AZT | 3TC/AZT/NVP | 8–14 |
| HBKN-26 | − | + | − | 1.94 | Low | 100.0 | TDF | <1.30 | 479 | 1089 | − | − | + | NVP/AZT | AZT/3TC/NVP | ≤7 |
| HBKN-61 | − | − | − | <1.92 | Low | 45.9 | TDF | <1.30 | 552 | 1358 | − | − | − | AZT/NVP | AZT/3TC/NVP | 8–14 |
| HBKN-62 | + | + | − | <1.92 | Low | 4.9 | TDF | 3.53 | 481 | 1717 | − | − | + | NVP | AZT/3TC/NVP | ≤7 |
| HBKN-81 | − | − | − | <1.92 | Low | 6.3 | TDF | 2.93 | 1183 | 946 | − | − | + | NVP/AZT | 3TC/AZT/NVP | 8–14 |
| HBKN-99 | − | + | − | 3.8 | Low | 100.0 | 3TC | 5.64 | 331 | 727 | − | + | + | NVP/AZT | 3TC/AZT/NVP | 15–21 |
| HBKN-100 | + | + | − | <1.92 | Low | 0.0 | TDF | 4.59 | 606 | 1349 | − | − | + | NVP/AZT | 3TC/AZT/NVP | ≤7 |
| HBKN-103 | + | + | − | <1.92 | Low | 0.0 | TDF | 3.45 | 437 | 2213 | − | − | − | NVP/AZT | 3TC/AZT/NVP | ≤7 |
| HBKN-114 | − | − | − | <1.92 | Low | 100.0 | TDF | 5.11 | 770 | 806 | NS | NS | NS | AZT | 3TC/AZT/NVP | ≤7 |
| HBKN-117 | − | + | − | <1.92 | Low | 2.9 | TDF | 4.84 | 726 | 1154 | − | − | + | AZT/NVP | 3TC/ABC/KAL | ≥22 |
| HBKN-149 | − | − | − | 3.63 | Low | 12.4 | TDF | 4.95 | 333 | 1273 | − | − | + | NVP | 3TC/NVP/AZT | 8–14 |
| HBKN-160 | − | − | − | <1.92 | Low | 0.0 | TDF | <1.30 | 389 | 967 | − | − | − | AZT/NVP | 3TC/AZT/NVP | 8–14 |
| HBKN-72 | − | − | + | 2.78 | Low | 57.5 | 3TC | 4.08 | 50 | 442 | − | NS | NS | NVP/AZT | 3TC/AZT/NVP | ≤7 |
| HBKN-05 | − | − | + | >8.22 | High | 100.0 | TDF | 5.40 | 252 | 777 | − | NS | NS | NVP/AZT | 3TC/NVP/AZT | ≤7 |
| HBKN-118 | − | + | + | 6.62 | High | 53.8 | TDF | <1.30 | 292 | 722 | − | − | − | AZT/NVP | 3TC/AZT/NVP | 15–21 |
| HBKN-159 | − | − | + | 7.49 | High | 100.0 | TDF | 4.60 | 109 | 375 | − | − | − | AZT/NVP | 3TC/AZT/NVP | ≤7 |
HBV MTCT risk was based on maternal HBV viral load, with the World Health Organization threshold >5.3 log10 IU/mL used to identify high risk pregnancies [9]. One sample (HBKN-109) tested HBsAg negative and anti-HBc IgM positive and interpretation was unclear, so samples from the paired infant were screened. One mother-child pair had no infant samples available for testing at either time point; another sample had insufficient volume at 12 months; and another was lost to follow-up.
Abbreviations: anti-HBc, HBV anti-core IgG; anti-HBs, HBV anti-S; ART, antiretroviral therapy; cART, combination ART; HBeAg, HBV e-antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HBsAg, HBV surface antigen; MTCT, mother-to-child transmission; N/A, not applicable; NA, nucleos/tide analogue; NS, no sample available; PMTCT, prevention of MTCT; VL, viral load.
Maternal treatments included TDF (tenofovir) or 3TC (lamivudine).
Infant HIV PMTCT included AZT (zidovudine) and/or NVP (nevirapine). cART also included 3TC, ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (referred to as Kaletra [KAL]), and abacavir (ABC).
The study aimed to prescribe infant cART within 21 days of life.