. 2023 Apr 27;28(8):e669–e682. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad091

Table 3.

Multivariable analyses of anxiety, depression, hopelessness and loneliness over time.

Variable	Anxiety BAI		Depression BDI-FS		Hopelessness BHS		Loneliness UCLA loneliness v3
Variable	Parameter estimate (95% CI)	P-value	Parameter estimate (95% CI)	P-value	Parameter estimate (95% CI)	P- value	Parameter estimate (95% CI)	P-value
Group effect at each timepoint
T0	3.26 (1.48, 5.05)	<.001 ^a	0.42 (−0.29, 1.13)	.245	−0.26 (−1.37, 0.86)	.647	9.09 (6.87, 11.31)	<.001 ^a
T1	−2.30 (−4.10, −0.51)	.013 ^a	−1.73 (−2.37, −1.09)	<.001 ^a	−3.65 (−4.79, −2.51)	<.001 ^a	6.78 (4.42, 9.14)	<.001 ^a
T2	−1.10 (−3.04, 0.84)	.264	−1.52 (−2.19, −0.86)	<.001 ^a	−3.79 (−4.98, −2.61)	<.001 ^a	2.02 (−0.45, 4.50)	.108
Age at class (years)	−0.17 (−0.21, −0.12)	<.001 ^a	−0.11 (−0.13, −0.1)	<.001 ^a	−0.05 (−0.08, −0.03)	<.001 ^a	−0.15 (−0.21, −0.09)	<.001 ^a
Race/ethnicity (combined)
Other	^†		^†		^†		6.67 (5.00, 8.35)	<.001 ^a
White							Reference
Marital status
Single	^†		^†		^†		^†
Living with partner, single
Widowed
Separated
Divorced
Married
Lives alone
Yes	−4.6 (−5.77, −3.43)	<.001 ^a	^†		^†		6.4 (4.86, 7.95)	<.001 ^a
No	Reference						Reference
Highest education (combined)
Technical school (14-15 years) or lower	^†		−1.44 (−2.01, −0.88)	<.001 ^a	−4.13 (−5.08, −3.19)	<.001 ^a	^†
University/college (15−16 years)			−1.58 (−2.04, −1.11)	<.001 ^a	−2.34 (−3.1, 1.59)	<.001 ^a
Masters level (18 years) or higher			Reference		Reference
Previous treatment with mental health professional
Yes	^†		0.99 (0.6, 1.37)	<.001 ^a	0.89 (0.12, 1.67)	.025 ^a	^†
No			Reference		Reference
Primary language (combined)
English	3.22 (1.85, 4.6)	<.001 ^a	^†		^†		6.78 (5.01, 8.55)	<.001 ^a
Other	Reference						Reference
History of depression
Yes	5.2 (4.12, 6.28)	<.001 ^a	^†		1.85 (1.14, 2.56)	<.001^a	8.31 (6.95, 9.68)	<.001 ^a
No	Reference				Reference		Reference
History of anxiety
Yes	^†		^†		^†		^†
No
History of bipolar disorder
Yes	^†		^†		^†		^†
No
History of other psychiatric disorder
Yes	^†		2.25 (1.49, 3.01)	<.001 ^a	^†		^†
No			Reference
Months since initial diagnosis ^‡
	^†		^†		^†		^†
Location of metastasis
Brain	^†		^†		^†		^†
Liver
Other
Bone
Months since initial metastatic disease diagnosis
	^†		^†		^†		^†

^†Dropped out of the model.

^‡One patient had a negative value and was not considered.

^aIndicates statistically significant difference