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. 2023 Jul 20;14:1197650. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197650

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Copyright © 2023 Assil, Buters, Hameeteman, Hallard, Treijtel, Niemeyer – Van der Kolk, de Kam, Florencia, Prens, van Doorn, Rissmann, Klarenbeek, Jansen and Moerland

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Imaging and biophysical based assessments. Pre-IMQ timepoint refers to assessment prior to IMQ application, whereas 24h refers to 1x IMQ application and 48h to 2x IMQ application. 72h refers to 2x IMQ application however measured 24 hours post last IMQ application. For the following measurements prednisolone is compared to placebo. (A) Skin perfusion by LSCI, estimated difference: -16.1%, 95% CI [-26.4%, -4.3%], p= 0.0111. (B) Erythema measured by multispectral camera, estimated difference: -5.04, 95% CI [-7.96, -2.13], p= 0.0016. (C) Epidermal thickness by OCT, estimated difference: -0.018, 95% CI [-0.029, -0.006], p= 0.0044. (D) A visual overview of LSCI and multispectral imaging in the prednisolone and placebo group. A ROI of 12 mm was selected for quantification. (E) OCT image of one subject of the placebo group after application of IMQ over time. CI, confidence interval; IMQ, Imiquimod; LSCI, Laser speckle contrast imaging; LSMeans, Least Squares Mean; OCT, Optical coherence tomography.