Table 2.
The difference between gender × variables and decreased PA due to COVID-19.
| Variables | PA group | Total | χ2 | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decreased n (%) | Non decreased n (%) | |||||
| Subjective health status | ||||||
| Healthy group | Male | 4,588 (41.9) | 4,727 (43.2) | 9,315 (85.1) | 5.514 | 0.023 |
| Unhealthy group | 3,252 (29.7) | 3,112 (28.4) | 6,364 (58.1) | |||
| Healthy group | Female | 3,650 (23.3) | 3,863 (24.6) | 7,513 (47.9) | 11.594 | 0.001 |
| Unhealthy group | 4,190 (26.7) | 3,977 (25.4) | 8,167 (52.1) | |||
| Stress | ||||||
| Experienced group | Male | 2,009 (12.8) | 1,741 (11.1) | 3,750 (23.9) | 25.174 | 0.001 |
| Inexperienced group | 5,831 (37.2) | 6,099 (38.9) | 11,930 (76.1) | |||
| Experience group | Female | 2,381 (15.2) | 1,897 (12.1) | 4,278 (27.3) | 75.303 | 0.001 |
| Inexperienced group | 5,459 (34.8) | 5,943 (37.9) | 11,402 (72.7) | |||
| Binge Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Increased | Male | 525 (4.6) | 278 (2.4) | 803 (7.0) | 347.775 | 0.001 |
| Stayed the same | 2,305 (20.0) | 3,236 (28.1) | 5,541 (48.2) | |||
| Decreased | 2,968 (25.8) | 2,194 (19.1) | 5,162 (44.9) | |||
| Increased | Female | 366 (4.6) | 196 (2.5) | 562 (7.1) | 113.524 | 0.001 |
| Stayed the same | 1,793 (22.6) | 2,130 (26.9) | 3,923 (49.5) | |||
| Decreased | 1,903 (24.0) | 1,542 (19.4) | 3,445 (43.4) | |||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Increased | Male | 422 (6.0) | 232 (3.3) | 654 (9.4) | 110.293 | 0.001 |
| Stayed the same | 2,334 (33.5) | 2,780 (39.8) | 5,114 (73.3) | |||
| Decreased | 678 (9.7) | 531 (7.6) | 1,209 (17.3) | |||
| Increased | Female | 57 (6.8) | 25 (3.0) | 82 (9.7) | 35.827 | 0.001 |
| Stayed the same | 216 (25.6) | 337 (39.9) | 553 (65.5) | |||
| Decreased | 115 (13.6) | 94 (11.1) | 209 (24.8) | |||
| Location | ||||||
| Suburban | Male | 2,432 (15.5) | 3,321 (21.2) | 5,753 (36.7) | 216.989 | 0.001 |
| Urban | 5,408 (34.5) | 4,519 (28.8) | 9,927 (63.3) | |||
| Suburban | Female | 2,388 (15.2) | 3,344 (21.3) | 5,732 (36.6) | 251.316 | 0.001 |
| Urban | 5,452 (34.8) | 4,496 (28.7) | 9,948 (63.4) | |||
| Housing type | ||||||
| General housing | Male | 3,746 (23.9) | 4,374 (27.9) | 8,120 (51.8) | 100.737 | 0.001 |
| Apartment | 4,094 (26.1) | 3,466 (22.1) | 7,560 (48.2) | |||
| General housing | Female | 3,740 (23.9) | 4,290 (27.4) | 8,030 (51.2) | 77.214 | 0.001 |
| Apartment | 4,100 (26.1) | 3,550 (22.6) | 7,650 (48.8) | |||
| Education | ||||||
| High school and less | Male | 3,301 (21.0) | 3,682 (23.5) | 6,983 (44.5) | 37.479 | 0.001 |
| College and above | 4,539 (28.9) | 4,158 (26.5) | 8,697 (55.5) | |||
| High school and less | Female | 3,959 (25.3) | 4,357 (17.8) | 8,316 (53.1) | 40.559 | 0.001 |
| College and above | 3,881 (24.8) | 3,483 (22.2) | 7,364 (47.0) | |||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | Male | 1,612 (10.3) | 1,609 (10.3) | 3,221 (20.5) | 0.004 | 0.953 |
| No | 6,228 (39.7) | 6,231 (39.7) | 12,459 (79.5) | |||
| Yes | Female | 1,456 (9.3) | 1,549 (9.9) | 3,005 (19.2) | 3.561 | 0.059 |
| No | 6,384 (40.7) | 6,291 (40.1) | 12,675 (80.8) | |||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | Male | 732 (4.7) | 708 (4.5) | 1,440 (9.2) | 0.440 | 0.507 |
| No | 7,108 (45.3) | 7,132 (45.5) | 14,240 (90.8) | |||
| Yes | Female | 601 (3.8) | 654 (4.2) | 1,255 (8.0) | 2.433 | 0.119 |
| No | 7,239 (46.2) | 7,186 (45.8) | 14,425 (92.0) | |||
| Obesity | ||||||
| Underweight + Normal | Male | 2,060 (13.1) | 2,146 (13.7) | 4,206 (26.8) | 7.968 | 0.047 |
| Overweight | 1,860 (11.9) | 1,774 (11.3) | 3,634 (23.2) | |||
| Obese | 3,920 (25.0) | 3,920 (25.0) | 7,840 (50.0) | |||
| Underweight + Normal | Female | 3,009 (19.2) | 2,963 (18.9) | 5,972 (38.1) | 8.978 | 0.030 |
| Overweight | 1,011 (6.4) | 957 (6.1) | 1,968 (12.6) | |||
| Obese | 3,920 (25.0) | 3,920 (25.0.) | 7,840 (50.0) | |||
| COVID-19 infection diagnosis | ||||||
| Yes | Male | 76 (0.5) | 36 (0.2) | 112 (0.7) | 14.388 | 0.001 |
| No | 7,764 (49.5) | 7,804 (49.8) | 15,568 (99.3) | |||
| Yes | Female | 49 (0.3) | 39 (0.2) | 88 (0.6) | 1.143 | 0.285 |
| No | 7,791 (49.7) | 7,801 (49.8) | 15,592 (99.4) | |||
| Concerns about COVID-19 infection | ||||||
| Low fear | Male | 2,756 (17.6) | 3,105 (19.8) | 5,861 (37.4) | 33.259 | 0.001 |
| High fear | 5,084 (32.4) | 4,734 (30.2) | 9,818 (62.6) | |||
| Low fear | Female | 1,763 (11.2) | 2,191 (14.0) | 3,954 (25.2) | 62.249 | 0.001 |
| High fear | 6,077 (38.8) | 5,645 (36.0) | 11,722 (74.8) | |||
The values are presented as the frequency (n) and percentage (%). Cross analysis were conducted to compare the differences between the variables of PA due to COVID-19. The derived value of p was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001).