Table 4.
Structural equation mediation models of ADHD diagnosis on QoL via maladaptive cognitions and emotional symptoms.
| Estimate | Standard error | p value | Ratio of mediating effect | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD group without controlling for medication | |||||
| c’ | −8.164 | 1.905 | 0.000*** | 14.06% | |
| a1b1 | −3.032 | 1.211 | 0.012* | 5.69% | |
| a2b2 | −13.956 | 4.464 | 0.002** | 24.03% | |
| a1d1b2 | 1.640 | 0.779 | 0.035* | 2.82% | |
| a2d2b1 | −34.556 | 7.961 | 0.000*** | 59.51% | |
| c | −58.068 | 6.566 | 0.000*** | ||
| ADHD group with controlling for medication | |||||
| c’ | −7.749 | 2.055 | 0.000*** | 18.32% | |
| a1b1 | −2.657 | 0.737 | 0.000*** | 6.28% | |
| a2b2 | −10.612 | 3.447 | 0.002** | 25.09% | |
| a1d1b2 | 0.459 | 0.297 | 0.123 | 1.09% | |
| a2d2b1 | −21.738 | 5.762 | 0.000*** | 51.39% | |
| c | −42.297 | 5.368 | 0.000*** | ||
| Non-medicated ADHD group | |||||
| c’ | −5.725 | 2.779 | 0.039* | 20.92% | |
| a1b1 | −7.762 | 2.841 | 0.006** | 28.36% | |
| a2b2 | −4.002 | 4.452 | 0.369 | 14.62% | |
| a1d1b2 | −0.718 | 0.766 | 0.348 | 2.62% | |
| a2d2b1 | −9.162 | 3.340 | 0.006** | 33.48% | |
| c | −27.369 | 2.503 | 0.000*** | ||
| Medicated ADHD group | |||||
| c’ | −7.295 | 2.567 | 0.004** | 13.63% | |
| a1b1 | −4.803 | 2.193 | 0.029* | 8.97% | |
| a2b2 | −10.683 | 5.188 | 0.039* | 19.95% | |
| a1d1b2 | 1.966 | 1.067 | 0.065. | 3.67% | |
| a2d2b1 | −32.721 | 13.576 | 0.016* | 61.12% | |
| c | −53.536 | 13.567 | 0.000*** | ||
c’: Direct effect; a1b1: ADHD → Maladaptive cognitions → QoL; a2b2: ADHD → Emotional symptoms → QoL; a1d1b2: ADHD→ Maladaptive cognitions →Emotional symptoms → QoL; a2d2b1: ADHD→ Emotional symptoms → Maladaptive cognitions → QoL; c: Total effect; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001.