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. 2023 Jan 19;45(3):1649–1666. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00718-w

Table 3.

Fifteen best prediction equations for CRF*

Equations Cp r2
Basic
eCRF basic 1  − 1261.99 + 1.97 × 6-min walking test (m) + 1.12 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 5.25 × Basal HR (bpm) 2.05 0.74
eCRF basic 2  − 1335.76 + 2.08 × 6-min walking test (m) + 0.99 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 5.12 × Basal HR (bpm) + 2.92 × weight (kg) 2.43 0.75
eCRF basic 3  − 1405.67 × 1.76 × 6-min walking test (m) + 1.17 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 4.67 × Basal HR (bpm) + 20.32 × chair stand test (rep) 3.62 0.75
eCRF basic 4  − 1329.77 × 2.02 × 6-min walking test (m) + 1.10 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 5.21 × Basal HR (bpm) + 0.84 × waist circumference (cm) 3.65 0.75
eCRF basic 5  − 1280.63 × 1.94 × 6-min walking test (m) + 1.05 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 7.45 × Basal HR (bpm) + 18.26 × PA recommendations (1, yes meeting; 0, non meeting) 3.73 0.74
Extended
eCRF extended 1  − 1291.11 + 1.70 × 6-min walking test (m) + 1.05 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 5.11 × Basal HR (bpm) + 121.85 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (L) 3.72 0.75
eCRF extended 2  − 1457.44 + 1.93 × 6-min walking test (m) + 0.769 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 5.10 × Basal HR (bpm) + 128.89 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (l) + 5.46 × weight (kg) 4.16 0.76
eCRF extended 3  − 1418.91 + 1.92 × 6-min walking test (m) + 0.79 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 5.11 × Basal HR (bpm) + 128.39 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (l) – 0.66 × waist circumference (cm) 4.68 0.77
eCRF extended 4  − 1466.97 + 1.94 × 6-min walking test (m) + 6.22 × Basal HR (bpm) + 119.55 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (l) + 15.52 × weight (kg) + 7.31 × Handgrip test (kg) 4.97 0.76

eCRF

extended 5

 − 1832.30 + 2.62 × 6-min walking test (m) + 6.18 × Basal HR (bpm) + 162.03 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (l) + 19.42 × weight (kg) 5.03 0.78
Maximal
eCRF maximal 1  − 1297.61 + 1.10 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 97.45 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (L) + 5.95 × maximum HR in CPET (bpm) + 37.99 time to exhaustion in CPET (min)  − 2.29 0.87
eCRF maximal 2  − 1374.95 + 1.09 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 2.18 × Basal HR (bpm) + 96.71 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (L) + 5.53 × maximum HR in CPET (bpm) + 39.94 × time to exhaustion in CPET (min)  − 1.76 0.86
eCRF maximal 3  − 1349.02 + 0.94 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 103.23 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (L) + 5.83 × maximum HR in CPET (bpm) + 40.31 × time to exhaustion in CPET (min) + 3.70 × weight (kg)  − 1.35 0.87
eCRF maximal 4  − 1423.14 + 0.93 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 2.12 × Basal HR (bpm) + 102.41 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (l) + 5.44 × maximum HR in CPET (bpm) + 42.15 × time to exhaustion in CPET (min) + 3.64 × weight (kg)  − 1.20 0.87
eCRF maximal 5  − 1481.40 + 0.89 × BMR bioimpedance (kcal·day-1) + 3.48 × Basal HR (bpm) + 99.38 × forced expiratory volume in 1 s (l) + 5.40 × maximum HR in CPET (bpm) + 41.47 × time to exhaustion in CPET (min) + 4.19 × weight (kg) + 16.40 × PA recommendations (1, yes meeting; 0, non meeting) -0.86 0.87

Data in bold shows the best model for each condition (Basic, Extended and Maximal)

*Prediction equations used absolute peak oxygen consumption (ml/min) as indicator of CRF

BMR, basal metabolic rate; Cp, Mallow’s Cp; HR, heart rate; PA, physical activity; r2, adjusted R-squared