Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of enrolled geriatric ischemic stroke patients.
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 1259) | Development dataset (n = 894) | Validation dataset (n = 365) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 76.83 (70.93, 82.82) | 77.00 (71.13, 82.67) | 76.30 (70.12, 83.14) | 0.732 |
| Female, No. (%) | 659 (52.34) | 465 (52.01) | 194 (53.15) | 0.714 |
| Weight, median (IQR) (kg) | 76.00 (64.30, 89.20) | 76.30 (65.00, 88.50) | 75.30 (63.60, 90.60) | 0.963 |
| Marital status, No. (%) | ||||
| Married | 551 (43.76) | 397 (44.41) | 154 (42.19) | 0.385 |
| Single | 227 (18.03) | 166 (18.57) | 61 (16.71) | |
| Other | 481 (38.20) | 331 (37.02) | 150 (41.10) | |
| First care unit, No. (%) | ||||
| Medical ICU | 112 (8.90) | 74 (8.28) | 38 (10.41) | 0.325 |
| Surgical ICU | 396 (31.45) | 284 (31.77) | 112 (30.68) | |
| Medical ICU/Surgical ICU | 59 (4.69) | 41 (4.59) | 18 (4.93) | |
| Neuro surgical ICU | 172 (13.66) | 113 (12.64) | 59 (16.16) | |
| Trauma surgical ICU | 128 (10.17) | 97 (10.85) | 31 (8.49) | |
| Other ICU | 392 (31.14) | 285 (31.88) | 107 (29.32) | |
| Underlying diseases, No. (%) | ||||
| Myocardial infarct | 225 (17.87) | 151 (16.89) | 74 (20.27) | 0.155 |
| Congestive heart failure | 339 (26.93) | 237 (26.51) | 102 (27.95) | 0.602 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 251 (19.94) | 178 (19.91) | 73 (20.00) | 0.971 |
| Rheumatic disease | 45 (3.57) | 34 (3.80) | 11 (3.01) | 0.494 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 23 (1.83) | 15 (1.68) | 8 (2.19) | 0.537 |
| Liver disease | 51 (4.05) | 39 (4.36) | 12 (3.29) | 0.380 |
| Renal disease | 237 (18.82) | 173 (19.35) | 64 (17.53) | 0.454 |
| Diabetes | 468 (37.17) | 338 (37.81) | 130 (35.62) | 0.465 |
| Paraplegia | 627 (49.80) | 443 (49.55) | 184 (50.41) | 0.782 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 44 (3.49) | 29 (3.24) | 15 (4.11) | 0.448 |
| CCI, median (IQR) | 8.00 (6.00, 9.00) | 8.00 (6.00, 9.00) | 8.00 (7.00, 9.00) | 0.582 |
| Disease severity score, median (IQR) | ||||
| Firstday SOFA | 4.00 (2.00, 6.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 6.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 6.00) | 0.986 |
| Firstday LODS | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 0.725 |
| Firstday OASIS | 34.00 (28.00, 41.00) | 34.00 (28.00, 41.00) | 34.00 (28.00, 41.00) | 0.772 |
| Firstday APS III | 44.00 (32.00, 61.00) | 43.00 (32.00, 60.00) | 45.00 (32.00, 62.00) | 0.809 |
| Firstday SAPS II | 35.00 (29.00, 44.00) | 35.00 (29.00, 44.00) | 36.00 (29.00, 43.00) | 0.788 |
| Vital indicators, median (IQR) | ||||
| Temperature (°C)** | 36.88 (36.66, 37.13) | 36.89 (36.67, 37.14) | 36.85 (36.66, 37.12) | 0.396 |
| Heart rate (beats/min)** | 79.64 (70.15, 90.11) | 79.84 (70.27, 90.52) | 78.26 (69.92, 88.77) | 0.399 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min)** | 18.79 (16.87, 20.93) | 18.80 (16.96, 20.86) | 18.76 (16.79, 21.25) | 0.873 |
| SBP (mmHg)** | 131.87 (118.88, 145.22) | 132.42 (119.50, 145.27) | 130.47 (117.70, 145.03) | 0.368 |
| Oxygen saturation (%)** | 97.23 (95.92, 98.50) | 97.24 (95.85, 98.50) | 97.23 (96.12, 98.48) | 0.543 |
| Firstday GCS* | 11.00 (8.00, 14.00) | 11.00 (8.00, 14.00) | 12.00 (8.00, 14.00) | 0.784 |
| Glucose (mmol/L)** | 7.30 (6.15, 8.97) | 7.25 (6.11, 8.84) | 7.43 (6.27, 9.32) | 0.185 |
| Firstday urine output (L) | 1.44 (0.94, 2.11) | 1.46 (0.95, 2.10) | 1.40 (0.93, 2.13) | 0.715 |
| Laboratory indicators, median (IQR) | ||||
| White blood cells (K/uL)*** | 11.40 (8.70, 15.40) | 11.20 (8.60, 15.30) | 11.70 (9.10, 15.40) | 0.179 |
| Platelets (K/uL)*** | 215.00 (169.00, 272.00) | 213.50 (172.00, 269.00) | 217.00 (164.00, 276.00) | 0.928 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)*** | 7.50 (5.36, 10.35) | 7.44 (5.36, 10.35) | 7.50 (5.71, 10.35) | 0.477 |
| Creatinine (μmmol/L)*** | 88.40 (70.72, 123.76) | 88.40 (70.72, 123.76) | 88.40 (70.72, 114.92) | 0.588 |
| Sodium (mEq/L)*** | 140.60 (138.00, 143.00) | 141.00 (138.00, 143.00) | 140.00 (138.00, 143.00) | 0.233 |
| Potassium (mEq/L)*** | 4.30 (3.90, 4.70) | 4.30 (3.90, 4.70) | 4.30 (3.90, 4.70) | 0.649 |
| Prothrombin time (sec)*** | 13.30 (12.00, 15.50) | 13.30 (12.00, 15.50) | 13.30 (11.90, 15.50) | 0.887 |
| International normalized ratio*** | 1.20 (1.10, 1.40) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.40) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.40) | 0.869 |
| Anion gap (mmol/L)*** | 16.00 (14.00, 18.00) | 16.00 (14.00, 18.00) | 16.00 (14.00, 18.00) | 0.858 |
| Intervention measures, No. (%) | ||||
| Endovascular obstruction removal | 118 (9.37) | 78 (8.72) | 40 (10.96) | 0.217 |
| Alteplase | 25 (1.99) | 15 (1.68) | 10 (2.74) | 0.220 |
| Antiplatelet | 338 (26.85) | 245 (27.40) | 93 (25.48) | 0.484 |
| Heparin | 375 (29.79) | 268 (29.98) | 107 (29.32) | 0.816 |
| Mannitol | 34 (2.70) | 24 (2.68) | 10 (2.74) | 0.956 |
| Vasoactive agent | 302 (23.99) | 212 (23.71) | 90 (24.66) | 0.722 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 436 (34.63) | 305 (34.12) | 131 (35.89) | 0.548 |
| Intracranial pressure monitor | 34 (2.70) | 26 (2.91) | 8 (2.19) | 0.477 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| 28-Day mortality (%) | 332 (26.37) | 237 (26.51) | 95 (26.03) | 0.860 |
| ICU mortality (%) | 186 (14.77) | 130 (14.54) | 56 (15.34) | 0.716 |
| Hospital mortality (%) | 267 (21.21) | 186 (20.81) | 81 (22.19) | 0.585 |
| ICU LOS (days) | 3.31 (1.94, 6.98) | 3.21 (1.92, 6.88) | 3.61 (2.00, 7.31) | 0.423 |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 8.53 (4.93, 16.70) | 8.74 (4.94, 16.65) | 8.29 (4.93, 16.81) | 0.883 |
The term "antiplatelet" was operationally defined as the administration of aspirin, clopidogrel, or dipyridamole within the first 24 h following admission to the ICU. Similarly, the term "vasoactive agent" was operationally defined as the administration of norepinephrine, epinephrine, phenylephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, vasopressin, or milrinone within the first 24 h following ICU admission. Within this same timeframe, assessments were conducted on disease severity scores, vital indicators, laboratory indicators, and interventions.
CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, ICU Intensive Care Unit, IQR Interquartile Range; GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, APS III Acute Physiology Score III, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, LODS Logistic Organ Dysfunction System, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, OASIS Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, LOS Length of Stay.
*The minimum value of indicators on the firstday of ICU stay.
**The mean value of indicators on the firstday of ICU stay.
***The maximum value of indicators on the firstday of ICU stay.