Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Aug 3;80(8):238. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-04882-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 6 — Upregulation of the exosomal secretory pathway in human striatal neurons. a, c Striatal coronal sections from CTR-33 and HD-60 chimeric brains at 3 months PST immuno-labelled for STEM121 (green) and hCD63 (white). White arrows point to hCD63⁺ puncta inside STEM121⁺ human cells, whilst black arrows point to hCD63⁺ puncta in close association with STEM121⁻ mouse cells. e, g Striatal coronal sections from CTR-33 and HD-60 chimeric brains at 5 months PST immunolabelled for STEM121 (green), CTIP2 (red) and hCD63 (white). Note the presence of hCD63⁺ puncta in both STEM121⁺/CTIP2⁺ human striatal neurons and STEM121⁻/CTIP2⁺ mouse striatal neurons (insets). b, f Ultra-thin sections from CTR-33 chimeric brains immunogold-labelled for STEM121 (black arrows) and analysed by TEM, illustrating the presence of MVBs. d, h Ultra-thin sections from HD-60 chimeric brains immunogold-labelled for MW1 or EM48 (black arrows) and analysed by TEM, illustrating the presence of mHTT inside intraluminal vesicles of a growing number of MVBs. i, j Illustrative ultra-thin sections from HD-60 chimeric brains at 3 months PST immunogold-labelled for MW1 and analysed by TEM, exhibiting intracellular (white arrows) and extracellular (black arrows) soluble mHTT (i), as well as MW1⁺ particles inside intraluminal vesicles (j). k, o Ultra-thin sections from HD-60 chimeric brains immunogold-labelled for EM48 and analysed by TEM, illustrating a MVB containing mHTT that is about to fuse with the plasma membrane (k) and another one that has just fused (o), secreting its content as exosomes. l–n Histograms representing the number of MVBs per transplanted human cell at 3 and 5 months PST (l), the percentage of mouse cells with human exosomes at 3 months PST (m) and the percentage of mouse striatal neurons with human exosomes at 5 months PST (n). N nucleus, NMb nuclear membrane, Mit mitochondria, ER endoplasmic reticulum, PMb plasma membrane, NP neuropil, MVB multivesicular body, ILVs intraluminal vesicles. Scale bar 20 µm in a, e. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. l n = 3 mice; Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, P = 0.0406 (3 months), P = 0.0231 (5 months). m n = 4 mice; Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, P = 0.0365. n n = 4 mice; Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, P = 0.0165