Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of each diagnostic group.
| Clinical values | SZ (n = 204) | MDD (n = 98) | BD (n = 110) | F, H or χ2 | adjusted p values | post hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 34.65 ± 11.48 | 31.16 ± 14.07 | 30.40 ± 11.96 | 5.29 | 5.42 × 10 −3 | SZ > BD |
| Gender (male/female) | 102/102 | 24/74 | 32/78 | 23.66a | 7.00 × 10 −6 | – |
| Education, mean ± SD, years | 12.61 ± 3.31 | 12.34 ± 3.41 | 13.52 ± 2.91 | 4.07 | 1.78 × 10 −2 | BD > MDD |
| DOI, median (IQR), years | 5.00 (10.00) | 1.46 (3.63) | 5.00 (11.00) | 49.36b | 1.91 × 10 −11 | SZ, BD > MDD |
| Onset age, mean ± SD, years | 26.26 ± 9.82 | 28.06 ± 13.50 | 21.77 ± 7.52 | 10.79 | 2.70 × 10 −5 | SZ > BD |
| ICV, mean ± SD, mm3 | 1480728.40 ± 165617.11 | 1418163.28 ± 167769.28 | 1428297.15 ± 215568.24 | 5.24 | 5.67 × 10 −3 | SZ > MDD, BD |
| BD-I/BD-II, n | – | – | 92/18 | – | – | – |
| Psychotic patients, n | 204 | 24 | 29 | – | – | – |
| Current mood status | ||||||
| Manic/hypomanic, n | – | – | 69 | – | – | – |
| Depressive, n | – | 98 | 32 | – | – | – |
| Mixed, n | – | – | 9 | – | – | – |
| Drug-treated patients, n | 160 | 69 | 98 | – | – | – |
| Medication | ||||||
| Antipsychotic, n | 204 | 57 | 107 | – | – | – |
| Antidepressant, n | 14 | 95 | 22 | – | – | – |
| Lithium, n | 2 | 12 | 64 | – | – | – |
| Antiepileptic, n | 6 | 1 | 51 | – | – | – |
| Antipsychotic, median (IQR), mg/dc | 450.45 (270.60) | 150.15 (37.50) | 300.30 (250.01) | – | – | – |
| Antidepressant, median (IQR), mg/dd | – | 40.00 (11.11) | – | – | – | – |
| Lithium, median (IQR), mg/d | - | - | 600.00 (600.00) | – | – | – |
| BPRS, mean ± SD | 49.12 ± 11.13 | 43.83 ± 2.78 | 45.03 ± 5.08 | – | – | – |
| HAMA, mean ± SD | – | 19.88 ± 7.27 | 19.28 ± 4.73 | – | – | – |
| HAMD - 24, mean ± SD | – | 32.00 ± 8.51 | 29.59 ± 6.83 | – | – | – |
| YMRS, mean ± SD | – | – | 31.49 ± 9.12 | – | – | – |
Bonferroni correction was applied: adjusted p = p × 3.
SZ, patients with schizophrenia; MDD, patients with major depression disorder; BD, patients with bipolar disorder; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; HAMA, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; R, right; L, left; DOI, duration of illness; ICV, intracranial volume; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range. Means ± SDs and media (IQR) are shown.
a
χ2 test. p values < 0.05 are shown in boldface.
b
Kruskal-Wallis test. p values < 0.05 are shown in boldface.
c
100 mg/d chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalents.
d
40 mg/d fluoxetine (FLX) equivalents.