Table 2.
Volumes of the hippocampal subfields in each diagnostic group.
| SZ | MDD | BD | Multivariate analysis of covariates | post hoc tests | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 204) | (n = 98) | (n = 110) | Diagnosis × subfield × hemisphere | SZ vs. MDD | SZ vs. BD | MDD vs. BD | |||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | F 2, 405 | p | adjusted p | adjusted p | adjusted p | ||
| Whole hippocampus | T | 6917.42 ± 441.78 | 7005.64 ± 438.81 | 7092.02 ± 438.67 | 5.56 | 4.15 × 10 −3 | 0.33 | 3.08 × 10 −3 | 0.46 |
| R | 3501.91 ± 239.74 | 3547.19 ± 238.12 | 3592.59 ± 238.05 | 5.08 | 6.60 × 10 −3 | 0.39 | 5.00 × 10 −3 | 0.50 | |
| L | 3415.51 ± 233.94 | 3458.44 ± 232.36 | 3499.43 ± 232.29 | 4.59 | 1.07 × 10 −2 | 0.42 | 8.54 × 10 −3 | 0.61 | |
| CA1 | R | 658.48 ± 58.45 | 662.94 ± 58.05 | 679.16 ± 58.03 | 4.52 | 1.15 × 10 −2 | 1.00 | 9.72 × 10 −3 | 0.13 |
| L | 621.87 ± 54.13 | 627.06 ± 53.76 | 640.42 ± 53.75 | 4.16 | 1.63 × 10 −2 | 1.00 | 1.30 × 10 −2 | 0.22 | |
| CA3 | R | 224.65 ± 29.09 | 225.52 ± 28.90 | 236.61 ± 28.88 | 6.52 | 1.63 × 10 −3 | 1.00 | 1.92 × 10 −3 | 1.70 × 10 −2 |
| L | 209.09 ± 25.37 | 210.76 ± 25.19 | 217.95 ± 25.19 | 4.43 | 1.25 × 10 −2 | 1.00 | 1.11 × 10 −2 | 0.12 | |
| CA4 | R | 236.04 ± 22.10 | 238.41 ± 21.95 | 245.56 ± 21.94 | 6.62 | 1.48 × 10 −3 | 1.00 | 1.05 × 10 −3 | 0.06 |
| L | 226.64 ± 19.82 | 228.90 ± 19.68 | 235.51 ± 19.68 | 7.14 | 8.99 × 10 −4 | 1.00 | 6.17 × 10 −4 | 4.60 × 10 −2 | |
| Fimbria | R | 99.25 ± 17.63 | 99.62 ± 17.51 | 99.64 ± 17.50 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| L | 101.06 ± 19.37 | 104.94 ± 19.23 | 104.16 ± 19.22 | 1.63 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.54 | 1.00 | |
| GC-ML-DG | R | 288.28 ± 26.12 | 291.99 ± 25.94 | 300.33 ± 25.94 | 7.49 | 6.39 × 10 −4 | 0.76 | 3.97 × 10 −4 | 0.06 |
| L | 276.60 ± 24.17 | 279.83 ± 24.01 | 287.87 ± 24.00 | 7.69 | 5.27 × 10 −4 | 0.85 | 3.34 × 10 −4 | 4.67 × 10 −2 | |
| HATA | R | 61.45 ± 9.33 | 60.44 ± 9.27 | 62.84 ± 9.26 | 1.81 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.63 | 0.18 |
| L | 61.94 ± 7.91 | 61.28 ± 7.87 | 63.38 ± 7.87 | 2.04 | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 0.16 | |
| Molecular layer | R | 623.42 ± 50.63 | 636.88 ± 50.29 | 643.23 ± 50.28 | 5.87 | 3.08 × 10 −3 | 0.10 | 3.46 × 10 −3 | 1.00 |
| L | 617.15 ± 51.78 | 626.32 ± 51.42 | 632.10 ± 51.40 | 3.09 | 4.67 × 10 −2 | 0.46 | 4.83 × 10 −2 | 1.00 | |
| Parasubiculum | R | 55.44 ± 9.93 | 60.41 ± 9.86 | 57.37 ± 9.86 | 8.15 | 3.38 × 10 −4 | 1.96 × 10 −4 | 0.31 | 0.08 |
| L | 60.69 ± 11.34 | 64.01 ± 11.27 | 62.48 ± 11.26 | 2.90 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.56 | 0.98 | |
| Presubiculum | R | 296.63 ± 25.31 | 299.58 ± 25.13 | 296.70 ± 25.13 | 0.50 | 0.61 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| L | 300.85 ± 26.84 | 306.21 ± 26.66 | 305.28 ± 26.65 | 1.66 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 1.00 | |
| Subiculum | R | 412.33 ± 37.15 | 417.03 ± 36.90 | 414.17 ± 36.89 | 0.52 | 0.59 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| L | 411.60 ± 37.15 | 415.57 ± 36.90 | 417.02 ± 36.89 | 0.84 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 1.00 | |
| Hippocampal fissure | R | 152.55 ± 25.24 | 147.40 ± 25.07 | 150.73 ± 25.06 | 1.35 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| L | 146.85 ± 22.31 | 145.08 ± 22.16 | 144.97 ± 22.15 | 0.33 | 0.72 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Hippocampal tail | R | 545.95 ± 58.37 | 554.38 ± 57.98 | 556.98 ± 57.97 | 1.45 | 0.24 | 0.74 | 0.34 | 1.00 |
| L | 528.02 ± 60.89 | 533.57 ± 60.48 | 533.26 ± 60.46 | 0.39 | 0.68 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Bonferroni correction was applied: adjusted p = p × 26.
SZ, patients with schizophrenia; MDD, patients with major depression disorder; BD, patients with bipolar disorder; CA, cornu ammonis; GC-ML-DG, granule cells in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus; HATA, hippocampal-amygdaloid-transition-area; T, total; R, right; L, left. Absolute volume means ± SDs are shown. p values are shown in boldface if p < 0.05 (adjusted for multiple comparisons), and post hoc analysis was performed.