Table 1.
Summary of the main characteristics of the included studies.
| Study, year | Study design | Location | Data source | Inclusion period | Condition | Main endpoint | Population n |
Age (Y) |
Males n |
IE n |
Definition of IE | Follow-up period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheng et al. 2020[19] | Prospecti-ve | France | Tertiary center Somme French Department | 2005–2017 | >18 years of age diagnosed with BAV; Included patients with no surgical indication | Clinical course and long term outcomes of BAV patients | BAV: 350 TAV: NA |
53 ± 16 | 249 | BAV: 5 TAV: NA |
Unspecified | 6.7 IQR: 2.7–9.6Y |
| Michelena et al. 2016 [20], [21] | Retrospec-tive | USA | Community cohort from Olmsted County | 1980–1999 |
First BAV echocardiographic diagnosis | All-cause mortality, long term outcomes | BAV: 4161 TAV: NA |
35 ± 2 | 288 |
BAV: 9 TAV: NA |
Modified Duke criteria | 16 ± 7Y |
| Verheught et al. 2011 [22] | Retrospec-tive | Netherlands | Dutch CONCOR national registry | 11/2001 – 03/2009 |
Adults with CHD that developed IE during adulthood | Prediction of IE up to the age of 40 and 60 years old | BAV: 551 TAV: NA |
NS | NS | BAV: 31 TAV: NA |
Modified Duke criteria | 18.9 IQR: 0.1–75.5Y |
| Kiyota et al. 2017 [23] | Retrospec-tive, case-control | USA - Boston, Massa-chusetts | Medical records from urban network healthcare | 01/2000–06/2014 |
Adults with a first native valve IE and received antibiotics | Determine the risk of IE of BAV compared with TAV |
BAV: 1122 TAV: 18,727 |
BAV with IE: <59Y: 31 TAV with IE: <59Y:176 |
7323 |
BAV: 38 TAV: 127 |
Modified Duke criteria |
4.8 ± 3.9Y |
| Kong et al. 2017 [24] | Retrospec-tive | Netherlands Singapore, Australia, Canada and Romania |
Multicenter regitry | 1991–2015 | BAV documented on transthoracic echocardiography and complete clinical record data | Sex-related differences in valve morphology, dysfunction at presentation, aortopathy, IE, and aortic dissection |
BAV: 1992 TAV: NA |
46.8 ± 17.5 | 1424 | BAV: 78 TAV: NA |
Unspecified | 5.4Y |
| Pachulski et al. 1993 [25] | Retrospec-tive | Canada | Echocardiography laboratory database | 1985–1989 | BAV patients and serial Doppler echocardiographic examinations | Assess the pattern of valve dysfunction progression | BAV: 512 TAV: NA |
36 IQR: 21–67 | 40 | BAV: 2 TAV: NA |
Unspecified | 1.8 IQR: 0.5–3.8Y |
| Rodrigues et al. 2017 [26] | Retrospec-tive | Portugal - Lisbon | Hospital database | 1990–09/2015 | BAV patients not submitted to aortic valve replacement or ascending aortic graft surgery | Assess the incidence and predictors of cardiac events | BAV: 227 TAV: NA |
28 ± 14 | 101 | BAV: 11 TAV: NA |
Unspecified | 13 ± 9Y |
| Tzemos et al. 2008 [27] | Retrospec-tive | Canada | University Health Network echocardiogra-phy and CHD database | 1994–2001 | BAV on transthoracic echocardiography and absence of complex congenital cardiac defects | Assess the frequency and predictors of cardiac outcomes in BAV patients | BAV: 6423 TAV: NA |
31 IQR: 16–78 | 437 | BAV: 103 TAV: NA |
Unspecified | 9 ± 5Y |
n: number of patients; IE: infective endocarditis; BAV: Bicuspid aortic valve; TAV: tricuspid aortic valve; CHD: congenital heart defects; NA: not applicable; NS: not specified; Y: years; IQR: interquartile range.
1
During follow up 5 patients were submitted to aortic valve replacement; 2During follow up 6 patients were submitted to aortic valve replacement; 3142 patients submitted to surgery (ascending aorta/aortic valve replacement) during follow up; 3 patients were excluded due to prothesic infective endocarditis.