TABLE 7.
Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses of cognitive impairment at 4 years after stroke.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Population information | Gender (male) | 0.620 (0.470–0.818) | 0.001* | 0.777 (0.420–1.435) | 0.419 |
| Age | 0.050 (1.052–1.081) | <0.001* | 1.020 (0.989–1.052) | 0.217 | |
| Low level of education | 2.936 (2.160–3.989) | <0.001* | 2.581 (1.490–4.470) | 0.001 | |
| Stroke type | TIA | 0.491 (0.274–0.880) | 0.017* | 0.498 (0.102–2.420) | 0.387 |
| Cerebral infarction | 1.119 (0.696–1.798) | 0.643 | 0.908 (0.290–2.846) | 0.869 | |
| Lesion characteristics | Dominant hemisphere | 1.029 (0.798–1.327) | 0.825 | NA | |
| Large lesion | 3.618 (1.668–7.848) | 0.001* | 5.087 (1.486–17.408) | 0.010 | |
| Brain-stem lesion | 1.809 (1.270–2.578) | 0.001* | 1.885 (1.005–3.535) | 0.048 | |
| Critical sites lesion | 2.831 (2.052–3.906) | <0.001* | 3.389 (1.918–5.990) | <0.001 | |
| Multiple lesions | 3.160 (2.329–4.288) | <0.001* | 1.870 (1.054–3.317) | 0.032 | |
| MTA score | 3.551 (2.956–4.267) | <0.001* | 1.372 (0.891–2.113) | 0.151 | |
| Fazekas score | 3.255 (2.796–3.789) | <0.001* | 2.116 (1.584–2.827) | <0.001 | |
| Microbleeds | 15.481 (8.913–26.890) | <0.001* | 2.013 (0.798–5.079) | 0.138 | |
| Risk factors | Hypertension | 1.176 (0.894–1.549) | 0.247 | NA | |
| Coronary heart disease | 1.224 (0.894–1.675) | 0.207 | NA | ||
| Diabetes | 1.338 (1.014–1.765) | 0.039* | 1.171 (0.710–1.932) | 0.537 | |
| Drinking | 0.570 (0.444–0.731) | <0.001* | 0.760 (0.417–1.383) | 0.369 | |
| Smoking | 0.666 (0.520–0.855) | 0.001* | 0.958 (0.531–1.728) | 0.886 | |
| Laboratory examination | Hcy | 1.012 (0.999–1.026) | 0.073 | NA | |
| TG | 0.829 (0.744–0.924) | 0.001* | 1.041 (0.840–1.290) | 0.714 | |
| TC | 0.957 (0.857–1.069) | 0.440 | NA | ||
| HDL | 1.016 (0.730–1.416) | 0.924 | NA | ||
| LDL | 1.007 (0.987–1.027) | 0.493 | NA | ||
| Patients status at 4 years after stroke | Depression | 13.831 (8.447–22.647) | <0.001* | 7.851 (3.314–18.599) | <0.001 |
| mRS > 2 | 9.213 (4.807–17.655) | <0.001* | 0.484 (0.193–1.217) | 0.123 | |
| Low sleep quality | 10.380 (7.403–14.556) | <0.001* | 2.079 (1.177–3.672) | 0.012 | |
| Sleepiness | 9.554 (5.824–15.675) | <0.001* | 3.988 (1.804–8.818) | 0.001 | |
| Nocturnal TST (<7 h) | 18.665 (13.384–26.03) | <0.001* | 11.334 (6.365–20.183) | <0.001 | |
| Nocturnal TST (>8 h) | 33.556 (17.188–65.51) | <0.001* | 4.096 (1.682–9.975) | 0.002 | |
| High risk OSA | 4.509 (3.188–6.378) | <0.001* | 1.721 (0.921–3.214) | 0.089 | |
*p < 0.05, items with statistical significance in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.