Table 8.

Application of polymers against pathogens associated with bovine mastitis.

Alternative treatment	Mechanism of action	Reference
Hydrophilic polymers	formulations could form biocompatible nontoxic gels	(Bhattarai et al., 2021)
Polymeric particles + mercaptosuccinic acid	Antibacterial activity on S. aureus and E. coli	(Cardozo et al., 2014)
polyethylene oxide-based inserts	Physical barrier against pathogens of bovine mastitis	(Bhattarai et al., 2015)
poly-ε-caprolacton + cloxacillin benzathine	Bactericidal effects on Corynebacterium spp. and S. uberis	(Araújo et al., 2019)
Chitosan	Antibiofilm and bactericidal activity on S. aureus and S. xylosus synergistic effect with antimicrobials	(Asli et al., 2017; Felipe et al., 2019)
polyhexamethylene biguanide	Bactericidal and antibiofilm activity on S. aureus Antibacterial activity against Prototheca spp.	(Kamaruzzaman et al., 2017; Fidelis et al., 2023)
Pluronic® F127+ spinach extract and curcumin	inhibitory and bactericidal effects on S. aureus and E. coli	(Junior et al., 2023)