Table 11.
Reported outcomes
| Levels | Reported outcomes | Papers (n) | References |
| Individual level | Increased management or leadership knowledge | 3 | 17 86 94 |
| Increased management or leadership skills | 10 | 69 71 72 79 82 85 86 89 94 96 | |
| Work commitment | 1 | 89 | |
| Openness to being mentored and willingness to implement recommended changes | 1 | 98 | |
| Increased self-confidence to undertake management tasks | 1 | 17 | |
| Changes in the behaviour of supervisors who became more supportive | 1 | 91 | |
| Organisational level | Improvement in overall leadership and management practices, such as systems thinking, change management or performance management | 1 | 86 |
| Use of management tools to systematically set priorities, develop evidence-based work plans and allocate resources | 3 | 87 94 101 | |
| Improved district performance | 2 | 83 100 | |
| Improved financial management | 8 | 47 68 70 81 95 96 98 99 | |
| Improved human resource management, | 4 | 47 73 81 96 | |
| Improved health information management | 4 | 47 82 94 101 | |
| Improved supply chain and transportation management | 4 | 47 68 70 82 | |
| Improved supportive supervision | 2 | 72 82 | |
| Improved hospital management | 4 | 73 80 96 98 | |
| More regular and effective team meetings | 8 | 4 17 49 68 70 72 85 95 | |
| Improved team confidence to undertake management tasks | 4 | 4 68 79 95 | |
| Increased team and staff morale, motivation or commitment | 7 | 49 67 68 70 89 90 99 | |
| Improved work climate or environment | 2 | 17 99 | |
| Improved community engagement | 2 | 68 72 | |
| Improved collaboration between district health teams and local administrators | 1 | 67 | |
| Health outcomes | Reduction in maternal mortality among pregnant women referred to a district hospital | 1 | 67 |
| Markedly reduced incidence of measles cases in a district | 67 | ||
| Increased health service usage | 5 | 67 77 84 99 103 | |
| Increased immunisation coverage | 4 | 72 73 89 103 | |
| Increased antenatal care, skilled birth attendance | 4 | 72 73 89 103 | |
| Increased yaws and Buruli ulcer detection rate | 1 | 89 | |
| Increased health service coverage | 1 | 77 | |
| Improved (quality of) service delivery | 5 | 47 73 74 96 105 | |
| Improved malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea treatment for children | 1 | 87 | |
| Increased tuberculosis cure rate | 1 | 89 |