Table 3.

Factors associated with awareness and ever use of e-cigarettes among adult residents of Shanghai, China, 2019

Variable	Awareness of e-cigarettes (N=3060)		Ever use of e-cigarettes (N=3060)		Ever use of e-cigarettes (N=1896)
	AORa	95% CI	AORa	95% CI	AORb	95 % CI
Gender
Male	1.1	0.8–1.6	1.1	0.3–3.7	1.0	0.3–3.6
Female (Ref.)
Age (years)
15–24	4.3	2.2–8.6	12.9	3.8–43.4	4.4	1.2–16.0
25–44	2.6	1.6–4.4	5.9	2.5–13.9	3.8	1.6–9.1
45–64	1.3	1.0–1.6	1.6	0.7–3.5	1.3	0.6–2.8
≥65 (Ref. )
Education level
Primary school or lower (Ref.)
Junior high school	3.9	2.9–5.3	1.4	0.5–4.3	0.8	0.3–2.8
Senior high school	7.4	5.3–10.3	1.0	0.4–3.0	0.7	0.2–2.3
College degree or higher	9.5	6.3–14.5	1.2	0.4–3.8	0.7	0.2–2.4
Occupation
Government employee, teacher, healthcare provider	0.8	0.4–1.5	0.6	0.2–1.7	0.6	0.2–1.7
Factory, business, service industry employee	0.9	0.6–1.2	1.0	0.5–1.9	0.9	0.5–1.8
Not in the labor force (Ref.)
Income (RMB)
<30000 (Ref.)
30000–49999	1.3	0.8–1.9	1.2	0.4–3.9	1.2	0.3–4.1
50000–99999	1.8	1.2–2.6	1.0	0.3–3.0	0.9	0.3–2.9
≥100000	1.8	1.2–2.7	1.6	0.6–4.9	1.3	0.5–3.7
Unwilling to disclose	1.5	1.0–2.2	1.9	0.6–6.2	1.9	0.5–7.0
Smoking status
Never smoker (Ref.)
Current smoker	2.7	1.7–4.2	62.9	19.2–206.0	63.5	18.5–217.4
Former smoker	1.8	1.2–2.7	29.7	7.9–112.0	26.0	7.0–95.9
Perceived harmfulness compared with traditional cigarettes
E-cigarettes less harmful (Ref.)
E-cigarettes similarly harmful					0.5	0.3–1.0
E-cigarettes more harmful					0.2	0.1–0.5
Do not know					0.3	0.1–0.5

AOR: adjusted odds ratio.

^aAll samples, adjusted for gender, age, education, occupation, income, and smoking status.

^bAmong respondents who had heard of e-cigarettes, adjusted for gender, age, education level, occupation, income, smoking status, and perceived harmfulness. RMB: 1000 Chinese Renminbi about US$140.