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. 2023 Jun 30;10(3):373–382. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.06.018

Table 2c.

SEM model parameters estimates assessing the longitudinal structural relationships of volunteering on Cognitive Functioning -- Effects of sociodemographic variables and volunteering activities on mediator variables in 2012.

Parameters Physical Activity
Social Activity
Cognitive Activity
Estimate (SE) P Estimate (SE) P Estimate (SE) P
Intercept −0.56 (0.08) <0.001 −0.13 (0.07) 0.073 −0.18 (0.07) 0.012
Volunteer 2012 (ref: Non volunteering)
 <100 h 0.19 (0.05) <0.001 0.10 (0.05) 0.052 0.04 (0.04) 0.328
 ≥100 h 0.21 (0.05) <0.001 0.12 (0.05) 0.018 0.13 (0.04) <0.001
Physical activity 2008 0.36 (0.02) <0.001
Social activity 2008 0.52 (0.03) <0.001
Cognitive activity 2008 0.67 (0.02) <0.001
Age (ref: 55−64)
 65−74 0.00 (0.05) 0.955 −0.03 (0.04) 0.546 −0.02 (0.03) 0.575
 ≥75 −0.16 (0.06) 0.012 −0.12 (0.05) 0.023 −0.13 (0.04) 0.001
Sex (Ref: Female)
 Male 0.13 (0.03) <0.001 −0.01 (0.04) 0.817 −0.11 (0.04) 0.004
Educational attainment (ref: no degree)
 GED/High school 0.22 (0.07) 0.001 0.06 (0.07) 0.423 0.20 (0.07) 0.003
 Some college/College degree 0.36 (0.08) <0.001 0.06 (0.09) 0.462 0.32 (0.08) <0.001
 Master’s/Professional 0.50 (0.09) <0.001 0.08 (0.09) 0.353 0.39 (0.09) <0.001
 Residual variance 0.79 (0.03) 0.79 (0.03) 0.47 (0.02)

Note: GED = general educational development.