Table 2.

Defining attributes of critical care.

Defining Attributes	Sources
Critical Illness
Critical Illness –Mitochondrial & cellular dysfunction –Endothelial damage/inflammation	Fletcher & Cuthbertson [24]; Garrabou et al. [25]; Trentadue et al. [26]; Quoilin et al. [27]; Van Ierssel et al. [54]; Protti et al. [35]; Kizilarslanoglu et al. [18]; McCreath et al. [38]; Bakhru et al. [19]; Liu & Li [56]; Kerckhoffs et al. [20]; McClave et al. [57]; Teblick et al. [55]; Graham & Stacy [39]; de Jager et al. [28]
Supportive Therapies
Advanced Medical Technologies –Mechanical ventilation –Renal dialysis –Enteral/parenteral nutrition –Invasive monitoring	Kesecioglu [41]; Berthelsen & Conqvist [12]; White [13]; Wikström et al. [40]; Thompson et al. [46]; Price [47]; Christensen & Probst [1]; Elke & Heyland [59]; Reintam Blasher et al. [60]; Crilly et al. [48]
Critical Care
Admission Modelling Criteria –SAPS –SOFA –TISS-28 –APACHE	Ferreira et al. [43]; Metnitz et al. [34]; de Souza Urbanetto et al. [44]; Lee et al. [58]; de Vivanco-Allende et al. [45]; Simpson et al. [36]
Specialised Personnel –Medical –Nursing –Allied health	Lewis [62]; Williams [37]; Hanekom et al. [22]; van der Lee et al. [23]
Intensive Care	Schantz [53]; Almerud et al. [42]; Bishop et al. [49]; Ahlberg et al. [31]; Sommers et al. [22]; Clark et al. [32]; Jones et al. [50]; Jakimowicz et al. [51]; Efstathiou & Ives [52]; McLennan & Aggar [33]; Jeffs & Darbyshire [29]; Savjani et al. [30]

Note: SAPS = Simplified Acute Physiological Score. SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score. TISS-28 = Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System. APACHE = Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation.