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. 2023 Aug 4;21:253. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-02006-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are induced by decreased cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME). a Analysis of regulation of T cells. Fluorescently conjugated anti-CD8, CD4, and CD45 monoclonal antibodies were used to analyze T cells. The abundance of CD8 of T cells, gated CD45, was increased in the GENs treatment groups, whereas the abundance of CD4 was decreased compared to the PBS group. b Fluorescently conjugated anti-FoxP3, CD25, and CD45 monoclonal antibodies were used to analyze Tregs. Tregs cell population was evaluated by FACS analysis. The abundance of Tregs was reduced in the GENs treatment groups. c–e The ratio of the relative gene expressions of M1 and M2 (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001)