TABLE 1.
Demographics | DCCM Cohort (N = 303) | Comparison Cohort (N = 394) | P Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean/n | SD/% | Mean/n | SD/% | ||
Age | 57.43 | 13.00 | 59.94 | 13.44 | 0.005 |
18-44 | 46 | 15.18 | 54 | 13.71 | 0.320 |
45-64 | 176 | 58.09 | 191 | 48.48 | |
65+ | 81 | 26.73 | 149 | 37.82 | |
Male | 159 | 52.48 | 219 | 55.58 | 0.494 |
Race | |||||
White | 162 | 53.47 | 277 | 70.30 | < 0.001 |
Black | 10 | 3.30 | 2 | 0.51 | |
Other | 117 | 38.61 | 71 | 18.02 | |
Unspecified | 14 | 4.62 | 44 | 11.17 | |
Baseline HbA1c | |||||
Mean HbA1c (%) | 10.31 | 1.89 | 8.44 | 1.75 | < 0.001 |
7-9% | 89 | 29.37 | 290 | 73.60 | < 0.001 |
> 9% | 214 | 70.63 | 104 | 26.40 | < 0.001 |
Subsample: baseline HbA1c ≥ 8% | |||||
Mean HbA1c (%) | 10.64 | 0.10 | 9.91 | 0.13 | < 0.001 |
8-9% | 57 | 21.03 | 67 | 39.18 | < 0.001 |
> 9% | 214 | 78.97 | 104 | 60.82 | < 0.001 |
Prior antidiabetic agents | |||||
Metformin | 242 | 79.87 | 286 | 72.59 | 0.021 |
Sulphonylurea | 193 | 63.70 | 187 | 47.46 | < 0.001 |
Thiazolidinedione | 110 | 36.30 | 91 | 23.10 | < 0.001 |
Insulin | 174 | 57.43 | 90 | 22.84 | < 0.001 |
DPP-4 | 18 | 5.94 | 31 | 7.87 | 0.346 |
GLP-1 | 9 | 2.97 | 4 | 1.02 | 0.056 |
Others | 4 | 1.32 | 6 | 1.52 | 0.838 |
Prior antidiabetic classes | |||||
0 and 1 | 76 | 25.08 | 171 | 43.40 | < 0.001 |
2 and 3 | 146 | 48.18 | 188 | 47.72 | |
4+ | 81 | 26.73 | 35 | 8.88 | |
Mean weight (kg) | 95.35 | 25.16 | 99.31 | 26.18 | 0.073 |
Mean BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 32.54 | 0.51 | 32.33 | 0.54 | 0.778 |
< 25 | 28 | 9.09 | 35 | 8.80 | 0.891 |
25-30 | 85 | 27.95 | 87 | 22.13 | |
30-35 | 84 | 27.61 | 102 | 25.87 | |
35-40 | 52 | 17.17 | 98 | 24.80 | |
40+ | 55 | 18.18 | 72 | 18.40 | |
Prior comorbidities | |||||
Hypertension | 216 | 71.29 | 263 | 66.75 | 0.219 |
Dyslipidemia | 112 | 36.96 | 57 | 14.47 | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 72 | 23.76 | 30 | 7.61 | < 0.001 |
Retinopathy | 37 | 12.21 | 11 | 2.79 | < 0.001 |
Neuropathy | 121 | 39.93 | 89 | 22.59 | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 40 | 13.20 | 11 | 2.79 | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 17 | 5.61 | 4 | 1.02 | < 0.001 |
Coronary heart disease | 97 | 32.01 | 77 | 19.54 | < 0.001 |
Myocardial infarction | 14 | 4.62 | 9 | 2.28 | 0.082 |
BMI = body mass index; DCCM = diabetes collaborative care management; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; kg = kilogram; kg/m2 = kilogram per square meter; SD = standard deviation.