FIG. 3.

Effects of MO/Mφ activators and stimulatory cytokines on DV infection of MO/Mφ. One-week-old MO/Mφ were left untreated or were treated with LPS (5 μg/ml), zymosan (50 μg/ml), PHA-CM (20% [vol/vol]), rhGM-CSF (20,000 U/ml), or rhTNF-α (20 ng/ml), either alone or in combination, for 20 to 24 h. The cells were then washed and infected with DV at an MOI of 3 PFU per cell. Culture supernatants were harvested after 42 to 46 h of infection and assayed for infectious-virus titers. Each experimental point is expressed as the mean ± the SE.