Fractionation of HIV-1-infected T cells. HIV-1-infected cells were lysed in PBS–1% TX-100 and fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear (N), TX-100-soluble (S), and TX-100-insoluble (I) fractions. Aliquots of each fraction corresponding to equivalent numbers of cells were resolved on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, and analyzed by Western blotting using antibodies specific for hnRNP C1/C2, vimentin, α-tubulin, calreticulin, HIV-1 CA, or HIV-1 Vif.