TABLE 3.
Association of Pharmacies and Quality Measures
| PDC Diabetes | PDC RASA | PDC Statin | HRM Use in Elderly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Region | ||||||||
| East North Central | reference | |||||||
| East South Central | 0.86 | 0.68-1.07 | 1.15 | 1.01-1.31 | 0.99 | 0.87-1.14 | 1.07 | 0.96-1.18 |
| Mid-Atlantic | 1.01 | 0.83-1.23 | 1.23 | 1.10-1.39 | 1.13 | 1.00-1.27 | 1.39 | 1.26-1.53 |
| Mountain | 1.71 | 1.21-2.40 | 1.34 | 1.13-1.58 | 0.90 | 0.75-1.07 | 2.18 | 1.92-2.47 |
| New England | 4.32 | 2.06-9.06 | 1.71 | 1.15-2.54 | 1.30 | 0.86-1.97 | 1.46 | 1.11-1.93 |
| Pacific | 2.41 | 1.60-3.62 | 1.99 | 1.62-2.45 | 1.26 | 1.01-1.58 | 1.73 | 1.49-1.99 |
| South Atlantic | 0.92 | 0.75-1.13 | 1.00 | 0.89-1.12 | 0.88 | 0.78-0.99 | 1.52 | 1.39-1.66 |
| West North Central | 1.00 | 0.78-1.27 | 1.01 | 0.88-1.16 | 0.74 | 0.64-0.86 | 1.75 | 1.57-1.96 |
| West South Central | 1.34 | 1.07-1.67 | 1.47 | 1.30-1.67 | 1.15 | 1.00-1.31 | 1.35 | 1.22-1.49 |
| Store characteristics | ||||||||
| Independent pharmacy | 1.23 | 1.10-1.37 | 1.68 | 1.56-1.80 | 1.47 | 1.37-1.58 | 1.48 | 1.40-1.57 |
| Chain pharmacy | reference | |||||||
| High-volume pharmacies | 1.01 | 0.92-1.10 | 1.03 | 0.97-1.09 | 1.02 | 0.96-1.08 | 0.90 | 0.86-0.94 |
| County-level characteristics | ||||||||
| High average number of outpatient visits | 1.01 | 0.91-1.12 | 1.02 | 0.95-1.08 | 0.98 | 0.91-1.05 | 1.17 | 1.11-1.24 |
| High proportion of white population aged > 64 years | 0.77 | 0.65-0.91 | 0.81 | 0.73-0.91 | 0.68 | 0.61-0.76 | 1.15 | 1.06-1.25 |
| High proportion of African-American population aged > 64 years | 1.38 | 1.18-1.61 | 1.61 | 1.46-1.78 | 1.53 | 1.38-1.70 | 1.08 | 1.00-1.17 |
| High proportion of Hispanic population aged > 64 years | 0.78 | 0.69-0.87 | 0.87 | 0.80-0.94 | 0.97 | 0.90-1.05 | 0.73 | 0.69-0.78 |
| High proportion of male population aged > 64 years | 0.74 | 0.66-0.84 | 0.77 | 0.71-0.82 | 0.80 | 0.74-0.87 | 0.91 | 0.86-0.97 |
| High proportion of population aged > 64 years who were > 84 years | 0.91 | 0.80-1.03 | 0.91 | 0.84-0.98 | 0.89 | 0.82-0.97 | 0.86 | 0.81-0.92 |
| High median income | 0.74 | 0.66-0.82 | 0.82 | 0.76-0.88 | 0.80 | 0.74-9.86 | 0.88 | 0.83-0.94 |
| High proportion of population with college education | 0.86 | 0.76-0.97 | 0.79 | 0.73-0.85 | 0.81 | 0.75-0.88 | 1.12 | 1.05-1.19 |
| Counties with HPSA for part of area | 0.88 | 0.74-1.03 | 0.83 | 0.75-0.92 | 0.89 | 0.80-0.99 | 0.83 | 0.76-0.90 |
| Counties with HPSA for entire area | 0.81 | 0.69-0.94 | 0.81 | 0.73-0.89 | 0.90 | 0.82-1.00 | 0.87 | 0.80-0.94 |
| High proportion of urban population | 1.00 | 0.88-1.14 | 0.91 | 0.84-0.99 | 0.98 | 0.89-1.06 | 0.67 | 0.62-0.71 |
CI = confidence interval; HPSA = health professional shortage area; HRM = high-risk medication; OR = odds ratio; PDC = proportion of days covered; RASA = renin angiotensin receptor antagonist.