Table 1.

Studies related to the research topic

Author/Year/Country	Title	Study type	Sample size	Study tool	Results
MahrokhDolatian/2012/Iran	Barriers of Domestic Violence Screening from the Perspective of Health Care providers Working in Clinics and Hospitals Under the auspices of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services	Descriptive	100 health and medical staff (midwives, gynecologists, doctors, and nurses)	Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire - Assessing Barriers to domestic Violence Screening from the perspective of health and medical staff of Gotmanis	Lack of proper training for staff, lack of sufficient time to perform screening, and lack of support resources are among the known barriers in this study.
Elham Saberi/2017/Australia	Ready, willing, and able? A survey of clinicians’ perceptions about domestic violence screening in a regional hospital emergency	Cross- sectional	76 health care providers	Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire - Assessing domestic Violence Screening from the perspective of health care providers (DVHPS)	Many physicians considered screening necessary. Lack of proper protocol, lack of comfort for screening, and lack of required training are known to be the most important barriers.
AhlamAl-natour/2014/Jordan	Jordanian Nurses’ Barriers to Screening for Intimate Partner Violence	Cross- sectional	125 nurses	Demographic questionnaire - Assessing domestic Violence Screening from the perspective of health care providers (DVHCPS)	Barriers to domestic violence include low employee confidence, employee judgment, lack of system support, and lack of a sense of security for employees.
Mican I. Deboer/2013/USA	What Are Barriers to Nurses Screening for Intimate Partner Violence?	Cross- sectional	494 nurses	Demographic questionnaire- Researcher-made domestic violence questionnaire from the perspective of health care providers	86% of nurses provided care to two or fewer people in a domestic violence setting, last year. 81% said they had enough time to do the screening, 60% said they considered their work environment appropriate to do screening, and 56% said they had been trained for this situation. 77% of employees felt comfortable doing the screening.
Iman Y. Alotaby/2013/Kuwait	Barriers for domestic violence screening in primary health care centers	Cross- sectional	366 doctors and nurses	Demographic questionnaire- Researcher-made domestic violence questionnaire from the perspective of health care providers	Lack of sufficient time, personal experience of employees in this field, the high workload of employees, tolerance of domestic violence and non-reporting by the victim, lack of necessary support from the organization and officials, fear of spouse, and fear of losing children and life due to high power of Men in the society were among the barriers associated with screening in this study.
Heather M. Shearer/2006/Canada	Chiropractor’s Perception About Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Survey	Cross- sectional	93 Experimental chiropractors	Demographic questionnaire- Researcher-made domestic violence questionnaire from the perspective of health care providers	General information about domestic violence was found among experimental chiropractors to be at a high percentage, but knowledge of clinical indicators, management, and guidance of victims was very poor. Lack of information and knowledge on this topic, discomfort to speak and time limitation were all mentioned as barriers to IPV screening.
Jana J. Ortiz/2005/USA	Existence of Staff Barriers to Partner Violence Screening and Screening Practices in Military Prenatal Settings	Cross- sectional	74 health care providers	Demographic questionnaire- Researcher-made domestic violence questionnaire from the perspective of health care providers	Staff at military-affiliated health centers had enough awareness of domestic violence. Lack of time and enough training, staff inconvenience for screening, lack of proper protocol, and support from the organization were the main barriers to domestic violence screening for medical staff.
JUDYC. CHANG/2003/USA	Helping Women with Disabilities and Domestic Violence: Strategies, Limitations, and Challenges of Domestic Violence Programs and Services	Cross- sectional	85 health staff	Demographic questionnaire- Researcher-made domestic violence questionnaire from the perspective of health care providers	Lack of funding, lack of proper education, and lack of support, and limitations of service facilities were identified as barriers to domestic violence screening.
Lorrie Elliot/2002/USA	Barriers to Screening for Domestics Violence	Cross- sectional	2400 doctors	Demographic questionnaire- Researcher-made domestic violence questionnaire from the perspective of health care providers	Low staff confidence, concern about patients’ anger when asking relevant questions, forgetting staff to do screening, lack of time, and personal staff experience of domestic violence are some of the barriers to screening.
Linda Chamberlain/2002/USA	The Impact of Perceived Barriers on Primary Care Physicians’ Screening Practices for Female Partner Abuse	Cross- sectional	297 specialist and general practitioners	Demographic questionnaire- Researcher-made domestic violence questionnaire from the perspective of health care providers	Half of the participants did not know the time limit as one of the major barriers to domestic violence screening. More than three-quarters of staff agreed with the screening, and 70% of participants felt comfortable doing screening for domestic violence.