The input parameters of TCO, ETL (PCBM), HTLs, and PAL (CsSnI3).50.
| Parameters | ITO | CuSCN | PCBM | P3HT | PEDOT:PSS | Spiro-MeOTAD | NiO | CuI | CFTS | CsSnI3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thickness (nm) | 500 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 800a |
| E g (eV) | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 3 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| X (eV) | 4 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 1.46 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
| ε r | 9 | 10 | 3.9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 10.7 | 6.5 | 9 | 9.93 |
| N C (cm−3) | 2.2 × 1018 | 2.2 × 1019 | 2.5 × 1021 | 2 × 1021 | 2.2 × 1018 | 2.2 × 1018 | 2.8 × 1019 | 2.8 × 1019 | 2.2 × 1018 | 1 × 1019 |
| N v (cm−3) | 1.8 × 1019 | 1.8 × 1018 | 2.5 × 1021 | 2 × 1021 | 1.8 × 1019 | 1.8 × 1019 | 1 × 1019 | 1 × 1019 | 1.8 × 1019 | 1 × 1018 |
| μ n (cm2 V−1 s−1) | 20 | 100 | 0.2 | 1.8 × 10−3 | 4.5 × 10−2 | 2.1 × 10−3 | 12 | 100 | 21.98 | 1.5 × 103 |
| μ h (cm2 V−1 s−1) | 10 | 25 | 0.2 | 1.86 × 10−2 | 4.5 × 10−2 | 2.16 × 10−3 | 2.8 | 43.9 | 21.98 | 5.85 × 102 |
| N A (cm−3) | 0 | 1 × 1018 | 0 | 1 × 1018 | 1 × 1018 | 1.0 × 1018 | 1 × 1018 | 1.0 × 1018 | 1 × 1018 | 1020 |
| N D (cm−3) | 1 × 1021 | 0 | 2.93 × 1017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| N t (cm−3) | 1 × 1015a | 1 × 1015a | 1 × 1015a | 1 × 1015a | 1 × 1015a | 1.0 × 1015a | 1 × 1015a | 1.0 × 1015a | 1 × 1015a | 1 × 1015a |
a
In this study, these values remained constant during initial optimization to get the best combination of HTL, ETL, and Back metal contact.